Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-human norovirus agent which can inhibit infection with and proliferation of human norovirus. The present inventors have found that the object can be attained through provision of an anti-human norovirus agent comprising a fucose analog having an inhibitory action on glycosylation by fucosyltransferase (FUT) as an active ingredient. Examples of the active ingredient include a fucose analog represented by formula (III) or (IV) or a salt thereof: [In the formulas, each of formula (III) and formula (IV) represents an ?-anomer or a ?-anomer; each of R1, R3, and R4 is —OH or —OAc; R2 is a halogen atom, —OH, or —OAc; and R5 is —CH3, —C?CH, —C?CCH3, or —CH2C?CH.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to establish means for providing a component vaccine which can selectively or intensively induce cell-mediated immunity mainly attributable to MHC class I, and humoral immunity mainly attributable to MHC class II. The inventors have found that the object can be attained by providing a component vaccine containing, as an active ingredient, a trimer and/or a hexamer of a molecular needle carrying a peptide binding to MHC class I and/or a peptide binding to MHC class II. The inventors have also found an information acquisition method that can determine the MHC class or the like of a test peptide or a similar substance by detecting a change in secretion of a physiologically active substance such as a cytokine in a test animal which has been infected with a target microorganism.

Abstract: This non-combustion-heated stick 1 comprises: a tobacco section 10 that has an aerosol source 11 containing tobacco; a cooling section 20 that cools vapor, generated by heating the tobacco section 10 by means of a heat generating element, to produce an aerosol; and a filter section 30 through which the aerosol passes. The tobacco section 10 has a higher filling density of tobacco in a part closer to the heat generating element than in a part further away therefrom.

Abstract: A non-combustion-heating-type stick is provided with: a base material section including an aerosol source; a cooling unit for generating aerosol by cooling steam generated by heating the aerosol source; and, a filter section. The filter section has: a first filter disposed on the cooling unit side; a second filter disposed on the side opposite from the cooling unit with respect to the first filter; and, a powder-containing substance that is disposed in a cavity formed between the first filter and the second filter, is a mass of a raw material powder containing at least one of a taste component and a perfume component, and becomes a powder when an external force is applied. The second filter is formed with a powder supply path for supplying powder from the cavity 33 to a suction port end.

Abstract: This non-combustion-heating-type stick comprises a substrate part including an aerosol source, a tubular cooling part for cooling vapor generated due to the substrate part being heated to generate an aerosol, and a filter part through which the aerosol passes. An open hole through which air is channeled from the exterior to the interior is formed in the cooling part at a position that is at least 7 mm from the boundary between the cooling part and the filter part, or that is within 13 mm from the boundary between the cooling part and the substrate part.

Abstract: A non-combustion type flavor inhaler comprising: an atomizer atomizing an aerosol source without burning; and a controller controlling a power output to the atomizer, wherein the controller is configured to start supply of a power output to the atomizer before start of a user's puffing action, and is configured to stop supply of a power output to the atomizer during a user's puffing action.

Abstract: A non-combustion type flavor inhaler comprising: an atomizer atomizing an aerosol source without burning; and a controller controlling a power output to the atomizer, wherein the controller is configured to start supply of a power output to the atomizer before start of a user's puffing action, and is configured to stop supply of a power output to the atomizer during a user's puffing action.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the issue of providing a norovirus component vaccine for subcutaneous, intradermal, percutaneous, or intramuscular administration which vaccine can readily immunize the target cells, an associated product of a molecular needle serving as an active ingredient of the vaccine, and a production method for the associated product. The invention provides a norovirus component vaccine containing, as an active ingredient, an associated product including a hexamer formed through bonding of two molecules of a trimer of a molecular needle represented by the following formula (1). W-L1-Xn—Y (1) [wherein W represents an amino acid sequence of P domain of the capsid protein of norovirus as an immunogen; L1 represents a first linker sequence having 0 to 100 amino acids; X represents an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; Y represents an amino acid sequence of a cell introduction domain; n is an integer of 1 to 3].

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to establish means for providing a component vaccine which can elicit immunity to a non-structural protein. The present inventors have found that the object can be attained by providing a component vaccine containing an associated product containing a trimer and/or a hexamer of a molecular needle to which a non-structural protein of a pathogenic virus is attached.

Abstract: Provided is an oral tobacco product in which the amount of an oral tobacco material relative to a gum molded body can be changed in accordance with feelings and preferences of a user. The oral tobacco product includes an oral tobacco material that contains a tobacco raw material, a gum molded body that contains a gum base and that does not contain a tobacco raw material, and a packaging material that houses each of the oral tobacco material and the gum molded body in a state of being separated from each other.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to solve problems in terms of stagnation of research on norovirus by providing a cultured transgenic cell or a transgenic animal in which murine norovirus (MNV) can be grown across the barrier of host specificity in mammalian cells, and providing a screening method that uses the cultured transgenic cell or the transgenic animal. The present inventors have found that MNV infection is determined in a cultured transgenic mammalian cell or a mammal possessing the cultured transgenic mammalian cell as its own cell, the cultured transgenic mammalian cell containing one or more species selected from the entirety or a portion of the murine CD300F gene and/or a CD300 family gene having an extracellular domain nucleotide sequence similar to that of the murine CD300F gene. The present inventors have solved the aforementioned problems by providing, for example, a norovirus-related drug screening method on the basis of this finding.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-human norovirus agent which can inhibit infection with and proliferation of human norovirus. The present inventors have found that the object can be attained through provision of an anti-human norovirus agent comprising, as an active ingredient, a fucose analog having an inhibitory action on glycosylation by fucosyltransferase (FUT). Examples of the active ingredient include a fucose analog represented by formula (III) or (IV) or a salt thereof. [In the formulas, each of formula (III) and formula (IV) represents an ?-anomer or a ?-anomer; each of R4, R3, and R4 is —OH or -OAc; R2 is a halogen atom, —OH, or -OAc; and R5 is —CH3, —C?CH, —C?CCH3, or —CH2C?CH.

Abstract: A smokeless flavor inhalator includes a tobacco material as a flavor generator, and a heater for heating the tobacco material to allow flavor components to be released from the tobacco material while preventing smoke from being generated from the tobacco material. The heater has a carbon heat source and a cooling element. The carbon heat source and the cooling element cooperatively keep the heating temperature of the tobacco material at a temperature of 50 to 200° C.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the issue of providing a norovirus component vaccine for subcutaneous, intradermal, percutaneous, or intramuscular administration which vaccine can readily immunize the target cells, an associated product of a molecular needle serving as an active ingredient of the vaccine, and a production method for the associated product. The invention provides a norovirus component vaccine containing, as an active ingredient, an associated product including a hexamer formed through bonding of two molecules of a trimer of a molecular needle represented by the following formula (1). W-L1-Xn—Y (1) [wherein W represents an amino acid sequence of P domain of the capsid protein of norovirus as an immunogen; L1 represents a first linker sequence having 0 to 100 amino acids; X represents an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; Y represents an amino acid sequence of a cell introduction domain; n is an integer of 1 to 3].

Abstract: A non-combustion type flavor inhaler comprising: an atomizer atomizing an aerosol source without burning; and a controller controlling a power output to the atomizer, wherein the controller is configured to start supply of a power output to the atomizer before start of a user's puffing action, and is configured to stop supply of a power output to the atomizer during a user's puffing action.

Abstract: A non-combustion type flavor inhaler comprising: an atomizer atomizing an aerosol source without burning; and a controller controlling a power output to the atomizer, wherein the controller is configured to start supply of a power output to the atomizer before start of a user's puffing action, and is configured to stop supply of a power output to the atomizer during a user's puffing action.

Abstract: A recording medium stores therein a program for causing a computer to execute processing includes: acquiring images of N or less each including teeth adjacent to each other; arranging and displaying, in N image display areas capable of displaying the images in association with an arrangement of teeth, each of the images, in association with each of the N image display areas, a selection area for selecting presence or absence of an image and input areas for inputting information indicating a condition of each tooth included in an image displayed in each of the N image display areas; receiving a selection content in the selection area or input contents in the input areas or combination of the selection content and the input contents; and generating learning information in which a condition of each of the teeth and an image of each of the teeth are associated with each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flavor cartridge for a flavor inhalator, the method comprising the steps of filling a predetermined amount of a flavor generating material capable of emitting a flavor component in a frame compressing the flavor generating material in the frame by applying pressure thereto by a pusher and fixing a lid to the frame, wherein the flavor generating material contains a tobacco material obtained by shredding or pulverizing tobacco leaf, and the lid has air permeability.

Abstract: A 2D organoid for infection and growth culture of human diarrhea virus, obtained by: (1) obtaining a 3D organoid by three-dimensionally culturing a human intestinal epithelial stem cell, a human intestinal epithelial cell, or a tissue containing at least any of those cells on an extracellular matrix; and (2) dispersing the 3D organoid to prepare a single cell, and monolayer-culturing the single cell on an extracellular matrix to obtain the 2D organoid having a monolayer structure in which epithelial cells contain differentiated trophoblastic cells and goblet cells and configured as human intestinal lumen having a monolayer structure.

Abstract: The production process comprises a step (A) in which an alkali-treated tobacco source is heated to make the tobacco source release a flavoring ingredient into a gas phase, a step (B) in which the flavoring ingredient released into the gas phase is brought into contact with a given solvent which is a liquid substance at ordinary temperature, thereby trapping the flavoring ingredient in the given solvent, and a step (C) in which the given solvent is added to a constituent element.