Abstract: Highly-functionalized, low-viscosity polyether polyols are obtained by dehydration condensation reaction of alcohols. The polyether polyols are obtained by dehydration condensation of glycerin and monohydric and/or dihydric alcohol with the glycerin percentage being more than 50 mol % relative to 100 mol % of the total of the glycerin and alcohol. The glycerin may be crude glycerin obtained by hydrolysis or alcoholysis of natural fat and oils.

Abstract: Polyester polyol compositions have a low viscosity and are suited for the production of rigid polyurethane foams. Compositions for rigid polyurethane foams contain the polyester polyol compositions. Rigid polyurethane foams are produced therefrom. A polyester polyol composition is obtained by: a step (I) in which a dibasic acid compound (A) is reacted with a trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol (a compound (B)); and a step (II) in which the reaction mixture from the step (I) is reacted with a hydroxycarboxylic acid compound (C); at least one compound (C) being a compound (C?) selected from the group consisting of ricinoleic acid compounds and 12-hydroxystearic acid compounds; the polyester polyol composition having a hydroxyl value in the range of 250 to 550 mg KOH/g and an average functionality of 3 to 8.

Abstract: Highly-functionalized, low-viscosity polyether polyols are obtained by dehydration condensation reaction of alcohols. The polyether polyols are obtained by dehydration condensation of glycerin and monohydric and/or dihydric alcohol with the glycerin percentage being more than 50 mol % relative to 100 mol % of the total of the glycerin and alcohol. The glycerin may be crude glycerin obtained by hydrolysis or alcoholysis of natural fat and oils.

Abstract: The polyurethane foam composition of the present invention comprises a polyol, a catalyst, a surfactant, a foaming agent and a polyisocyanate, wherein the polyol contains, at least, (A) a polyol that is produced by using a raw material obtained from plant-derived oil, contains more than three side chains per molecule, each side chain comprising a hydrocarbon chain having 4 or more carbon atoms, and has an average number of functional groups of 1.5 to 4.5 and a hydroxyl value of 80 to 140 mgKOH/g. The polyurethane foam of the present invention is produced by foaming the above polyurethane foam composition. The polyurethane foam contributes to reducing environmental burdens, and has excellent low rebound property, particularly a characteristic that the increase in hardness at low temperatures is suppressed.

Abstract: The polyurethane foam composition of the present invention comprises at least water, a catalyst, a surfactant, a polyisocyanate, and a polyol and/or a polymer-dispersed polyol in which polymer fine particles obtained by polymerizing a compound having an unsaturated bond are dispersed in a polyol, wherein the polyol comprises at least (A) a plant-derived polyol produced by using a raw material obtained from plants and (B) a low-monol polyol having an overall degree of unsaturation of 0.050 meq/g or less. The polyurethane foam relating to the present invention is obtained by foaming this polyurethane foam composition. The polyurethane foam contributes to reducing environmental burdens and attains hardness and ball rebound suitable for a cushioning material and excellent durability in a balanced manner.

Abstract: A process for producing various kinds of flexible polyurethane foams with different properties, comprising: bringing at least a polyol, a polyisocyanate and a blowing agent to contact with each other by employing a single production apparatus, wherein the polyisocyanate contains tolylene diisocyanate, and the polyol consists essentially of two or three types of polyols, at least two of these two or three types of polyols being selected from the group consisting of three types of polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols having an overall degree of unsaturation of less than 0.06 meq/g and three types of polymer polyols obtained from polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols having an overall degree of unsaturation of less than 0.06 meq/g; and wherein the two or three types of polyols, the polyisocyanate and the blowing agent are mixed at a mixing ratio varied to attain various changes of the values of the properties, thus flexible polyurethane foams with desired properties being obtainable.

Abstract: The high-durability flexible polyurethane cold cure molded foam of the invention has an overall density of not less than 35 kg/m3 and not more than 45 kg/m3 and a wet heat compression set of not more than 15%, and preferably has a hardness change ratio, as determined in a repeated compression test, of not more than 15%. This foam can be obtained by the process of the invention. The process of the invention is a process for producing a flexible polyurethane cold cure molded foam obtained from a polyol and/or a polymer polyol containing dispersed polymer microparticles obtained by radical polymerizing a compound having an unsaturated bond in the polyol, water, a catalyst and a polyisocyanate, wherein the polyol is a polyol synthesized by the use of a catalyst containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a nitrogen-phosphorus double bond, cesium hydroxide and rubidium hydroxide.

Abstract: The object is to provide a method for producing a polyoxyalkylene polyol and a method for producing a derivative thereof wherein the remaining catalyst compound is efficiently removed from a crude polyoxyalkylene polyol by a simple manner, and a method for producing a polyoxyalkylene polyol wherein a crude polyoxyalkylene polyol is produced by addition polymerization of an epoxide compound to an active hydrogen compound using as a catalyst a compound having a P═N bond, then, the crude polyoxyalkylene polyol is allowed to contact with a solid acid having a specific surface area of 450 to 1200 m2/g and an average pore diameter of 40 to 100 Å to control the catalyst-remaining amount in the polyoxyalkylene polyol to 150 ppm or less, and a method for producing a derivative of the-above-described polyol are provided.

Abstract: Propylene oxide is added to an active hydrogen compound in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst in an amount of from 0.05 to 0.5 mole per mole of the active hydrogen compound at a reaction temperature of from 60 to 98.degree. C. at a reaction pressure less than or equal to 4 kg/cm.sup.2 to prepare a polyoxyalkylene polyol which has a hydroxyl value of from 10 to 35 mg KOH/g, a monool content less than or equal to 15 mol %, a Head-to-Tail bond selectivity greater than or equal to 96 percent, and low viscosity. A polymer polyol is prepared by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the polyoxyalkylene polyol. A flexible polyurethane foam is prepared by reacting the polyoxyalkylene polyol or the polymer polyol with an organic polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a foaming agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a crosslinking agent and other additives.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam prepared by reacting polyisocyanate with polyol and/or polymer polyol containing dispersed polymer microparticles obtained by polymerizing an unsaturated compound, water, catalyst, surfactant and, when needed, crosslinking agent and other auxiliary agents, wherein a portion or the whole of the polyol and/or the polymer polyol is prepared in the presence of a compound having a nitrogen-phosphorus double bond as a catalyst, have excellent wet compression set, fatigue by constant-load pounding and dynamic durability.

Abstract: Substrates 1, 2 include chip select electrode pads B1, B2, C1, C2, and first chip select electrode pads B1, C1 are connected to chip select terminals of semiconductor chips 3, 4. The other chip select electrodes B2, C2 are connected to opposite surface side electrodes B1', C1' positioned on the opposite surface side of the chip select electrodes B1, C1 adjacent in the direction of the first chip select electrodes. The opposite surface side electrode B1 and the chip select electrode C1 of the substrate confronted therewith are connected to each other by a conductive bump 6. Thus, the substrates 1, 2 have the same structure.

Abstract: Propylene oxide is added to an active hydrogen compound in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst in an amount of from 0.05 to 0.5 mole per mole of the active hydrogen compound at a reaction temperature of from 60.degree. to 98.degree. C. at a reaction pressure less than or equal to 4 kg/cm.sup.2 to prepare a polyoxyalkylene polyol which has a hydroxyl value of from 10 to 35 mg KOH/g, a monool content less than or equal to 15 mol %, a Head-to-Tail bond selectivity greater than or equal to 96 percent, and low viscosity. A polymer polyol is prepared by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the polyoxyalkylene polyol. A flexible polyurethane foam is prepared by reacting the polyoxyalkylene polyol or the polymer polyol with an organic polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a foaming agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a crosslinking agent and other additives.

Abstract: An alkali metal compound such as metallic cesium, cesium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide monohydrate, metallic rubidium, rubidium hydroxide or rubidium hydroxide monohydrate is used as a catalyst, crude polyoxyalkylene polyol containing the catalyst is neutralized with a mineral acid or an organic acid, an aqueous solution layer containing an alkali metal salt is brought into contact with an anion exchange resin to adsorb mineral acid anion or organic acid anion, the alkali metal compound catalyst is recovered, alkylene oxide undergoes ring-opening addition polymerization on an active hydrogen compound in the presence of the recovered alkali metal compound catalyst to prepare polyoxyalkylene polyol, the catalyst is thereafter separated, recovered and reused, and such recycle of the alkali metal compound catalyst provides an economical process.

Abstract: An alkali metal compound such as metallic cesium, cesium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide monohydrate, metallic rubidium, rubidium hydroxide or rubidium hydroxide monohydrate is used as a catalyst, crude polyoxyalkylene polyol containing the catalyst is neutralized with a mineral acid or an organic acid, an aqueous solution layer containing an alkali metal salt is brought into contact with an anion exchange resin to adsorb mineral acid anion or organic acid anion, the alkali metal compound catalyst is recovered. alkylene oxide undergoes ring-opening addition polymerization on an active hydrogen compound in the presence of the recovered alkali metal compound catalyst to prepare polyoxyalkylene polyol, the catalyst is thereafter separated, recovered and reused, and such recycle of the alkali metal compound catalyst provides an economical process.