Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element includes the steps of (a) forming a spacer having a uniform height on a glass substrate having formed thereon scanning lines, a black matrix, an insulating layer and an alignment layer in an area to which the black matrix is projected in a direction perpendicular to a substrate surface; (b) forming an adhesive layer on a transfer substrate; (c) pressing an upper surface of the spacer against the adhesive layer on the transfer substrate; and (d) selectively applying an adhesive only onto the upper surface of the spacer by the step (c). In the step (a), it is preferable that the spacer be formed so as to have a trapezoidal cross section with respect to a plane perpendicular to the lengthwise direction.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element is provided. A plurality of electrodes having a light-transmitting property are formed in a striped pattern on one surface of an insulating substrate having a light-transmitting property. Then, light-shielding films are formed in such a manner that the light-shielding films are formed adjacent to the edges of each electrode along the long sides thereof, or at least one portion of each light-shielding film is made to overlap each edge of the electrode along one of the long sides thereof. Successively, light is applied from the back-surface side of the insulating substrate by using the light-shielding films and a photomask as masks so that spacers are formed in a state where they are self-aligned with respect to the light-shielding films.

Abstract: A graft-modified polyolefin resin is provided, which is obtained by preparing a aqueous suspension containing (a1) 100 parts by weight of a polyolefin resin, (a2) 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a mixture of 1 to 1000 parts by weight of an unsaturated glycidyl ester to 100 parts by weight of a compound having a glycidyl group as represented by a general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon group of C.sub.6 -C.sub.23 having at least one glycidyloxy group, and R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, (a3) 0.1 to 500 parts by weight of a vinyl monomer, and (a4) 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a radical initiator to 100 parts by weight in total of (a2) and (a3), to thus impregnate (a1) with (a2) and (a3), and polymerizing (a2) and (a3) onto (a1). Resin compositions containig the graft-modified polyolefin resin have not only well-balanced mechanical properties, but excellent moldability.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element is provided with a first insulating substrate having spacers and an alignment layer that covers the entire surfaces of the spacers, and a second insulating substrate having at least an alignment layer. The liquid crystal display element is arranged so that the first and second insulating substrates are bonded to each other by allowing the alignment layer on the spacers of the first insulating substrate and the alignment layer on the second insulating substrate to soften and adhere to each other by applying a pressure under heat, and liquid crystal is injected into the gap in between.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element has pairs of light-shielding electrode films, each pair of which are selectively placed without contact with each other between adjacent transparent electrodes on one of the paired substrates along the long sides of each transparent electrode with overlapping portions with the long sides. The light-shielding electrode films have a conductivity, and are effective to reduce the resistance of the transparent electrodes. It also has wall-shaped spacers with a uniform height, each of which is formed between the adjacent transparent electrodes so as to have overlapping portions with the respective light-shielding electrode films. Here, the spacers have an insulating property and a light-shielding property. Moreover, the other portions except for the pixel aperture sections are shielded from light by either the light-shielding electrode films, the spacers, or black matrixes installed on the other substrate.

Abstract: A plurality of electrodes having a light-transmitting property are formed in a striped pattern on one surface of an insulating substrate having a light-transmitting property. Then, light-shielding films are formed in such a manner that the light-shielding films are formed adjacent to the edges of each electrode along the long sides thereof, or at least one portion of each light-shielding film is made to overlap each edge of the electrode along one of the long sides thereof. Successively, light is applied from the back-surface side of the insulating substrate by using the light-shielding films and a photomask as masks so that spacers are formed in a state where they are self-aligned with respect to the light-shielding films.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyvinyl graft-polymer having one structural unit having a glycidyloxy group represented by the following general formula (I) at side chains of the polyvinyl polymer per 2-1,000 repeating units of vinyl: ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group 6-23 in carbon number having at least one glycidyloxy group, and R represents hydrogen atom or methyl group, and its manufacturing method. The polyvinyl graft-polymer of the present invention is excellent not only in mechanical properties and heat resistance, but also in adhesiveness, paintability dyeability and antistatic property.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal device of the present invention includes at least a first antiferroelectric liquid crystal cell and a second antiferroelectric liquid crystal cell, wherein the first and second antiferroelectric liquid crystal cells respectively have an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material interposed between a pair of electrode substrates each having an electrode film and an alignment layer, and the first and second antiferroelectric liquid crystal cells are disposed so that a normal to an antiferroelectric liquid crystal layer of the first antiferroelectric liquid crystal cell is orthogonal to a normal to an antiferroelectric liquid crystal layer of the second antiferroelectric liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of pixels, and each of the plurality of pixels includes ferroelectric liquid crystal material having ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules therein capable of being aligned in a first stable alignment state, whereby a principal axis of each of the molecules is aligned at an angle .omega. with respect to a central line, and of being aligned in a second stable alignment state, whereby the principal axis of each of the molecules is aligned at an angle -.omega. with respect to the central line, and a pair of polarizers on opposite sides of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material, a polarizing axis of one of the polarizers being substantially aligned with the central line.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of substrates having respective electrodes formed on opposed surfaces thereof, a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a pixel formed between the opposed electrodes, and partition walls formed on the electrodes and dividing the pixel into differently-sized partition areas.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition contains from 5 to 98 parts by weight of a styrene resin (A) and/or a vinyl chloride resin (B) and from 95 to 2 parts by weight of a modificed olefin polymer (C) having, per from 2 to 1,000 olefin-derived repeating units, one structural unit containing at least one amido group (a) and at least one reactive group (b) selected from glycidyloxy group and glycidyl group. The composition can be used for producing shaped articles required to have high strength such as interior automotive parts, housings for office appliances, various machine parts, and electrical or electronic parts.

Abstract: A curable polymer composition comprising(A) an alkyl (meth)acrylate base polymer having a silicon-containing reactive group,(B) an oxyalkylene base polymer having a silicon-containing reactive group,(C) a silicon-containing compound having three or four hydrolyzable groups bonded to the silicon atom,(D) a silicon-containing compound having two hydrolyzable groups bonded to the silicon atom and(E) a curing acceleratorwherein the compounds (C), (D) and (E) are contained in amounts of 0.01 to 30 parts by weight, 0.1 to 30 parts by weight and 0.01 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the polymers (A) and (B), which composition has improved storage stability while a cured material therefrom has good mechanical properties, particularly elongation.