Abstract: A flat vacuum envelope is provided where an anode electrode is conductively connected to the contact portion of a high-voltage supplying lead with high reliability so that the connection electrode plate is not stripped from the anode electrode (a). A field emission region (1a), which is formed of a gate layer and emitters, is laminated on a first glass electrode (1). An anode electrode (2a), which is formed of a fluorescent display substance and a transparent electrode, is laminated on a second glass substrate (2). An exhaust tube (4) is formed to the first glass substrate (1) to evacuate the inside of the vacuum envelope. The lead (5) is connected to the anode electrode (2a) via the connection anode plate (6). The connection anode plate (6) is joined to the anode electrode (2a) by the resilient member (20) so that the conductivity thereof is not impaired while the exhaust tube (4) is being sealed.

Abstract: A field emission device capable of permitting a focusing electrode to be arranged around a gate electrode without any restriction. A gate electrode is arranged on an upper surface of an insulating layer of a cathode substrate-side structure and holes are formed through the insulating layer and gate electrode. A conical emitter is arranged in each of the holes. The insulating layer is formed on the upper surface thereof with a focusing electrode so as to surround the gate electrode. The insulating layer is formed on a lower surface thereof with a connection line, a resistive layer and a cathode electrode line. The gate electrode is electrically connected to the connection line through a contact hole and a gate electrode line is electrically connected to the connection line through another contact hole.

Abstract: A field emission element in which a cathode substrate and an anode substrate are spaced from each other and are hermetically sealed. The field emission element comprises cathode electrodes and gate terminals formed on the cathode substrate; an insulating layer overlaying the cathode electrodes and the gate electrodes, the cathode electrodes and the gate terminals being partially extracted outward from the insulating layer, gate electrodes formed on the insulating layer, wherein the gate electrodes are arranged so as to cross said cathode electrodes at intersections, openings each being formed through a cathode electrode and an insulating layer at each of the intersections, a resistance layer at least formed on a part of each of the cathode electrodes, and emitter electrodes each electrically connected to a cathode electrode via the resistance layer formed within an opening.

Abstract: A field emission display device of the type driven on a high anode voltage to accelerate effectively emitted electrons to the anode, thus providing high brightness as well as no leakage of glowed light. Cone emitters are formed on the cathode electrode laying on a cathode substrate. An insulating layer as well as first gate electrodes are formed on the portions where the emitters are not formed. Another insulating layer if formed on the first gate electrodes. Second gate electrodes (or focusing electrodes) with openings are formed over the first gate electrodes. Plural lines of the emitters are formed in parallel in the emitter area corresponding one pixel. The emitters are aligned to each of the openings. An anode voltage of 2kV to 5kV is applied to the anode electrode (not shown). The electrons from the emitters are focused by the focusing electrode and the reaches the anode electrode.

Abstract: A field emission element including an electrode structure made of a thin film exhibiting increased adhesive strength. A thin film of niobium nitride (NbN) is formed on a glass substrate by sputtering or the like. The NbN film exhibits increased adhesive strength to a degree sufficient to prevent etching for formation of the film into electrodes from causing peeling of the film.

Abstract: A field emission cathode capable of reducing an operation voltage and substantially preventing damage of an emitter. An emitter is provided on a substrate. The emitter includes a base and a plurality of rectangular tips projecting from the base. A gate is arranged in a recess formed on the substrate so as to be in proximity to the emitter. A width a of the tips of the emitter and an interval b between the tips are defined to satisfy a relationship of b/a=2. This permits an electric field strength applied to the tips of the emitter to be substantially increased as compared in a conventional field emission cathode of b/a.ltoreq.1, resulting in an operation voltage being reduced and a sufficient amount of emitter current being produced.

Abstract: An electron feeder for a flat-type luminous device capable of providing electrons sufficient to ensure the uniform luminance of a whole display section irrespective of a distance from an electron source. A plurality of front electrodes and a plurality of rear electrodes constituting an electron beam guide are arranged separate from one another in the direction of traveling of the electrons, respectively, and the front electrode and rear electrode corresponding to each other constitute each guide electrode section. The so-constructed guide electrode sections are alternately applied thereto two different voltages, resulting in the electron beam guide exhibiting the function of focusing electrons.

Abstract: An electron feed structure for a flat-type luminous device capable of permitting electron emitted from an electrons source to be uniformly fed throughout a display section. The electron feed structure includes an electron flow guide constituted by an inner guide electrode of a high voltage and an outer guide electrode of a low voltage, so that an electric field of a high voltage and that of a low voltage may be alternately formed to form electrostatic lenses in the guide, to thereby effectively prevent the function of the electron flow guide from being deteriorated.