Abstract: An atopic dermatitis model non-human animal, containing a gene mutation in which a complex containing dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) protein, mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) protein, and endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) protein is not formed in CD4+ T cells.

Abstract: An atopic dermatitis model non-human animal, containing a gene mutation in which a complex containing dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) protein, mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) protein, and endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) protein is not formed in CD4+ T cells.

Abstract: An atopic dermatitis model non-human animal, containing a gene mutation in which a complex containing dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) protein, mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) protein, and endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) protein is not formed in CD4+ T cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are a two-component type developer which is supplied to an area where a bias voltage of at least 250 V is applied, and a developing process using this developer. In this developer, by adjusting the particle size distribution of carrier particles within a specific range, occurrence of the so-called carrier dragging phenomenon of the transfer of the carrier together with the toner to a photosensitive material can be prevented. This adjustment of the particle size distribution is such that the content of carrier particles having a size smaller than 250 mesh is less than 8% by weight based on the entire carrier particles, the diameter D.sub.50 of the weight average particle size corresponding to 50% of the weight of the entire carrier particles is in the range of from 80 to 120 .mu.m and the difference between D.sub.25 and D.sub.75 is in the range of from 5 to 20 .mu.m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-component type developer comprising a toner and a coated magnetic carrier wherein said toner has an electroconductivity lower than 3.5.times.10.sup.-10 S/cm and the coating of said magnetic carrier consists of a silicone resin having as its component unit a basic nitrogen atom-containing organic group bonded to a silicone atom (N-containing silicone resin).Such developer is capable of forming images having a high image density and a high image quality, particularly as a white developer or a color developer if developing is carried out even under ordinary conditions, since the toner has its charge quantity maintained in an appropriate range in the developing step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carrier of a developer, which is characterized in that the current value observed when a direct current is applied under a voltage of 200 V is 0.8 to 2.0 .mu.A and the relaxation time is in the range of from 4.0 to 6.0 milliseconds, that is, the characteristic values in the dynamic state, for example, in a developing apparatus, are kept with certain ranges. If this developer carrier is used, an image having a high quality can be obtained without occurrence of troubles often caused in conventional developers, such as carrier dragging (transfer of the carrier to a photosensitive material together with the toner), fogging (transfer of the toner to the background of a copying sheet) and letter thinning.