Abstract: The presented invention provides methods and apparatus to generate a efficient medium dedication schedule which give wireless medium the ability to serve real-time and non real-time application concurrently and still be able to maintain the QoS as requested by real-time application. Furthermore, it also presents methods for implementing buffer in an efficient matter in order to complement the advantage introduced by burst transmission and burst acknowledgement.

Abstract: A spreading code generating apparatus carries out M-sequence multiplication and zero value addition of generated orthogonal codes to obtain channel identification codes, and then carries out inverse Fourier transform of the channel identification codes to generate spreading codes and inverse spreading codes. A transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus store the spreading codes and the inverse spreading codes generated by the spreading code generating apparatus, respectively, and use a single code respectively selected from the stored codes to carry out spread spectrum communication. With the use of the spreading codes for spreading, the input signal is spread over a wide frequency band with uniform power on the frequency axis. Thus, transmission characteristics are improved, and multiplexing capacity is increased.

Abstract: A conventional packet frame includes a MAC header, one MAC service data unit (MSDU) and a frame FCS. This frame is repeated to send a plurality of MSDUs. A proposed packet frame includes a MAC header, a plurality of MSDUs and a frame FCS. A unique bit pattern is provided in the MAC header to distinguish the proposed packet frame from the conventional packet frame. Thus, the total data stream can be shortened.

Abstract: A spreading code generating apparatus carries out M-sequence multiplication and zero value addition of generated orthogonal codes to obtain channel identification codes, and then carries out inverse Fourier transform of the channel identification codes to generate spreading codes and inverse spreading codes. A transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus store the spreading codes and the inverse spreading codes generated by the spreading code generating apparatus, respectively, and use a single code respectively selected from the stored codes to carry out spread spectrum communication. With the use of the spreading codes for spreading, the input signal is spread over a wide frequency band with uniform power on the frequency axis. Thus, transmission characteristics are improved, and multiplexing capacity is increased.

Abstract: The invention is to improve the throughput for a wireless transmission. Multiple antennas are activated in the same frequency at the same time to facilitate parallel transmission. A systematic processes are provided to achieve high throughput transmission.

Abstract: In serial transmission of a mixture of isochronous data and anisochronous data, communications through a transmission path with a high ratio of occurrence of transmission errors may disturb images during streaming reproduction and produce noise in sound. To solve this problem, the isochronous data that has not been successfully received is retransmitted by using an anisochronous region. Thus, a transmission error of the isochronous data can be reduced without impairment of isochronous characteristics of the data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for transmitting data stream via wireless medium for contention based medium access across a wireless network having a plurality of stations and an access point communicating to the stations via wireless medium. The method includes: (i) transmitting data stream from the station according to prescheduled wireless medium occupancy reservation for the station within only prescheduled medium occupancy period of a selective contention period; (ii) performing a contention between the stations for wireless medium occupancy for a contention successful station to transmit data stream within only contention medium occupancy period of the selective contention period; (iii) transmitting data stream from the contention successful station after the contention; and (iv) prescheduling a wireless medium occupancy reservation for the contention successful station to transmit within a prescheduled medium occupancy period of next selective contention period.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source that illuminates an object of illumination, a reflecting member provided opposite the light source so as to direct a first part of illuminating light emitted therefrom to the object of illumination, and a light-blocking member provided between the light source and the object of illumination and between the reflecting member and the object of illumination. The light-blocking member blocks the first directed part of the illuminating light and a second part of the illuminating light directly illuminating the object of illumination with a certain ratio of a light-blocking rate for the first directed part of the illuminating light to a light-blocking rate for the second directly illuminating part of the illuminating light.

Abstract: A wireless communications system in which real-time data and burst data can be mixedly transmitted, and a transmission band can be dynamically assigned according to a state of data transmission. A master station has a scheduler for determining a transmission band assignment including information about the transmission timing of the data, a transmission amount, and a station that is allowed to access. The scheduler regularly carries out scheduling, and optimizes the transmission band to be assigned dynamically according to the communication type of the data and a state of data transmission. The master station gives a transmission band assignment which is determined by the scheduler to each slave station. A transmitting station executes data transmission (access) to a receiving station based on the given transmission band assignment. The receiving station gives information about a state of data receiving to the master station, where the scheduler reflects this on scheduling.

Abstract: A starter for engines uses a leaf spring as a shaft lever for advancing a pinion gear for engagement with a ring gear. The shift lever may be constructed with a plurality of layered leaf springs having respective front ends spaced apart one another to contact a one-way clutch at different positions. The shift lever may include a lever holder which has a low heat conductive member to minimize fatigue of the leaf spring. The leaf spring is initially loaded with a spring force.

Abstract: A wireless communications system in which real-time data and burst data can be mixedly transmitted, and a transmission band can be dynamically assigned according to a state of data transmission. A master station has a scheduler for determining a transmission band assignment including information about the transmission timing of the data, a transmission amount, and a station that is allowed to access. The scheduler regularly carries out scheduling, and optimizes the transmission band to be assigned dynamically according to the communication type of the data and a state of data transmission. The master station gives a transmission band assignment which is determined by the scheduler to each slave station. A transmitting station executes data transmission (access) to a receiving station based on the given transmission band assignment. The receiving station gives information about a state of data receiving to the master station, where the scheduler reflects this on scheduling.

Abstract: A wireless communications system in which real-time data and burst data can be mixedly transmitted, and a transmission band can be dynamically assigned according to a state of data transmission. A master station has a scheduler for determining a transmission band assignment including information about the transmission timing of the data, a transmission amount, and a station that is allowed to access. The scheduler regularly carries out scheduling, and optimizes the transmission band to be assigned dynamically according to the communication type of the data and a state of data transmission. The master station gives a transmission band assignment which is determined by the scheduler to each slave station. A transmitting station executes data transmission (access) to a receiving station based on the given transmission band assignment. The receiving station gives information about a state of data receiving to the master station, where the scheduler reflects this on scheduling.

Abstract: The presented invention provides methods and apparatus to generate a efficient medium dedication schedule which give wireless medium the ability to serve real-time and non real-time application concurrently and still be able to maintain the QoS as requested by real-time application. Furthermore, it also presents methods for implementing buffer in an efficient matter in order to complement the advantage introduced by burst transmission and burst acknowledgement.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a line sensor for reading an image of an original, a scanning optical system that has a light source and scans the original, a reference reflection member provided in such a position as to reflect a light emitted from the light source, a buffer memory for storing data of the image, an intermittent reading part interrupting and restarting scanning performed by the scanning optical system based on a residual storage capacity of the buffer memory, and a light amount variation correction part correcting a variation in an amount of light of the light source during an interruption of the scanning based on an amount of reflected light from the reference reflection member.

Abstract: A communication system CS includes a plurality of communication stations and data communication is performed between any two communication stations, one is a transmitting station and the other is a receiving station. When any data for transmission is generated, the transmitting station transmits, to the receiving station, a reservation request packet for requesting bandwidth reservation. The receiving station reserves a bandwidth responding to the reservation request packet and then transmits a communication reservation packet to inform the transmitting station of the reserved bandwidth. The transmitting station creates a data packet and then transmits the created data packet through the informed bandwidth. The receiving station stores a valid period of the bandwidth reserved for the transmitting station, and voluntarily and repeatedly creates, for transmission, the communication reservation packet for the duration of the stored valid period.

Abstract: A spreading code generating apparatus (10) carries out M-sequence multiplication and zero value addition of generated orthogonal codes to obtain channel identification codes, and then carries out inverse Fourier transform of the channel identification codes to generate spreading codes (121) and inverse spreading codes (131). A transmitting apparatus (20) and a receiving apparatus (30) store the spreading codes (121) and the inverse spreading codes (131) generated by the spreading code generating apparatus (10), respectively, and use a single code respectively selected from the stored codes to carry out spread spectrum communication. With the use of the spreading codes for spreading, the input signal is spread over a wide frequency band with uniform power on the frequency axis. Thus, transmission characteristics are improved, and multiplexing capacity is increased.

Abstract: A starter for engines uses a leaf spring as a shaft lever for advancing a pinion gear for engagement with a ring gear. The shift lever may be constructed with a plurality of layered leaf springs having respective front ends spaced apart one another to contact a one-way clutch at different positions. The shift lever may include a lever holder which has a low heat conductive member to minimize fatigue of the leaf spring. The leaf spring is initially loaded with a spring force.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source that illuminates an object of illumination, a reflecting member provided opposite the light source so as to direct a first part of illuminating light emitted therefrom to the object of illumination, and a light-blocking member provided between the light source and the object of illumination and between the reflecting member and the object of illumination. The light-blocking member blocks the first directed part of the illuminating light and a second part of the illuminating light directly illuminating the object of illumination with a certain ratio of a light-blocking rate for the first directed part of the illuminating light to a light-blocking rate for the second directly illuminating part of the illuminating light.

Abstract: A starter for engines uses a leaf spring as a shift lever for advancing a pinion gear for engagement with a ring gear. The shift lever may be constructed with a plurality of layered leaf springs having respective front ends spaced apart one another to contact a one-way clutch at different positions. The shift lever may include a lever holder which has a low heat conductive member to minimize fatigue of the leaf spring. The leaf spring is initially loaded with a spring force.

Abstract: A diversity apparatus includes antennas 1a, 2a, demodulators 2a, 2b, and a Viterbi decoder 3 that has four ACS sections 41-44, and a path memory 5. Signals convolutionally encoded with a constraint length of 3 are received by two antennas 1a, 1b, are demodulated by the demodulating sections 2a, 2b, respectively, and are then outputted to all of the ACS sections 41-44. Such information coming from different routes are subjected to route selection and ACS processing simultaneously, thereby finding a code sequence (expected values) closest to received data sequences (the plurality of received signals). Then, the single path memory 5 is used to store and/or update the paths for error correction, and then corrected data Dout is outputted.