Abstract: A stent delivery system includes: a stent delivery device configured to carry a stent to a stenosis and indwell the stent; an observation device configured to observe the stenosis; and one or more processors, each comprising hardware, the one or more processors being configured to: acquire an observation image from the observation device; and determine a target placement position for placing the stent in the stenosis based on the observation image.

Abstract: An information processing system comprises a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to acquire an evaluation parameter of a procedure performed by a doctor, calculate one or more evaluation items based on the evaluation parameter acquired, evaluate a first skill of the procedure based on the one or more evaluation items calculated, reference a training course based on the one or more evaluation items calculated and the first skill evaluated, and a database storing each of the one or more evaluation items in correspondence with training courses based on weighting coefficients, and perform processing of notifying a proposal of the training course referenced.

Abstract: A medical system including: an instrument having a motion that is electrically driven, the motion being forward and backward movement of an insertion section, a bending angle of a bending section of the insertion section, and/or rolling rotation of the insertion section; an operation device performing an operation input of the motion; and a processor. The processor controlling the motion based on the operation input in a motion mode, the motion mode being one of a full auto mode to perform automatic control of the motion and a semi auto mode in which an operator manually controls the motion. When controlling the motion in the semi auto mode, the processor interrupting the semi auto mode by automatic control of the motion to perform intervention, Subsequent to the intervention, the processor switching to one of the full auto mode and the semi auto mode based on a use of the instrument.

Abstract: A medical system including an endoscope configured to electrically drive an endoscopic operation. The endoscopic operation includes at least one of a forward and backward movement of an insertion section, a bending angle of a bending section of the insertion section, and a rolling rotation of the insertion section, the endoscope being configured to capture an endoscope image. The medical system further includes a processor comprising hardware. The processor is configured to control the endoscopic operation to achieve a second positioning subsequent to a first positioning, the first positioning being where the insertion section is positioned with respect to a papillary portion of a duodenum, the second positioning positions a distal end section of the insertion section with respect to a papillary portion of the duodenum based on the endoscope image.

Abstract: An information processing system, including a processor comprising hardware. The processor being configured to: acquire an endoscope image from an endoscope, the endoscope image showing a papillary portion, determine route information of a lumen based on the endoscope image, the lumen being at least one of a biliary duct or a pancreatic duct, generate a display image based on a result of the determination of the route information of the lumen, the display image having a route guide image to provide guidance of a route of the lumen leading to the papillary portion superimposed on the endoscope image, and display the display image on a display.

Abstract: A cannulation method includes inserting an endoscope into a duodenum, bringing a distal end section of the endoscope to a position where a duodenal papilla is within a field of view of the endoscope, promoting secretion of pancreatic juice or bile by administering a drainage stimulant, determining an amount of relaxation of the duodenal papilla, and performing cannulation into a biliary duct through the duodenal papilla where the amount of relaxation is greater than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for providing a computer-assisted endoscopic procedure guidance are disclosed. A procedure planning system can generate an endoscope navigation plan for a patient scheduled for an endoscopic procedure performed by an operating physician. The system comprises a processor that can access an endoscopic procedure database, identify therefrom physicians substantially matching the experience level of the operating physician, and retrieve reference procedure data of the past procedures performed by the matching physicians. The reference procedure data can be further selected from past procedures performed on patients with similar medical information to the scheduled patient. The processor can generate an endoscope navigation plan for the scheduled patient using reference procedure data. The endoscope navigation plan can be displayed along with the live endoscopic image to guide the operating physician in performing the procedure.

Abstract: An optical measuring device includes: a light source unit; a measurement probe including a fiber bundle, an illumination fiber that illuminates a living tissue with a illumination light, and a plurality of light-receiving fibers that receives return light of the illumination light reflected and/or scattered at the living tissue; a detection unit that receives the return light of the illumination light detected by the plurality of respective light-receiving fibers, and performs photoelectric conversion to detect respective signal intensities; and an association unit that associates the respective signal intensities detected by the detection unit with distances from the illumination fiber to the respective light-receiving fibers on an end face of a distal end portion of the measurement probe, when light having an intensity gradient around the illumination fiber is projected to the end face of the distal end portion of the measurement probe.

Abstract: A subject observation apparatus of the invention includes: a light-emitting section for emitting a light to a subject; an optical modulation section for detecting a scattering angle of a return light from the subject and performing optical modulation on the return light in accordance with the scattering angle; and a signal output section for generating a signal to show a state of light scattering in the subject based on the light subjected to the optical modulation by the optical modulation section, and outputting the generated signal.

Abstract: Light scattering and absorption techniques for the detection of possible abnormal living tissue. Apparatus and methods for utilizing multiple blood content detection sensors and/or contact sensors for beneficially providing data to better guide an endoscope or colonoscope to locate abnormal tissue, tumors, or tissues that precede the development of such lesions or tumors.

Abstract: A measurement probe includes a fiber configured to propagate light to irradiate a target to be measured and receive scattered light returned from the target to be measured, an immersion adjustment mechanism configured to communicate outside of the measurement probe with inside of the measurement probe and adjust entrance of liquid from the outside into the measurement probe, and an alteration mechanism configured to alter the fiber by the liquid that has entered into the measurement probe.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus of the present invention includes a light source unit; an operation unit that performs an operation process on the basis of a result of the measurement performed by a measurement unit to obtain a characteristic value of a living tissue; a validity evaluator that evaluates, on the basis of an operation result of the operation process performed by the operation unit, whether the result of the measurement is valid; an output unit that outputs a result of the evaluation performed by the validity evaluator; an input unit that inputs an instruction to adopt the result of the measurement performed by the measurement unit; and a determination unit that determines, on the basis of the result of the evaluation performed by the validity evaluator and the instruction information from the input unit, whether to adopt the result of the measurement performed by the measurement unit.

Abstract: A capsule for determining the blood content of living tissue in vivo in a patient to detect tumors. The capsule includes a light source and a light detector for directing light onto the tissue and for receiving interacted light therefrom. By analyzing the interacted light, a determination can be made of the blood content of that tissue. There are various ways of positioning the capsule so that it contacts the tissue in the desired orientation of the light source and light detector. There is also a system for determining the actual contact between the capsule and the tissue. A calibration system is also used that allows a self calibration that can be carried out easily and accurately just prior to the use of the capsule.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insert section to be inserted into the body cavity, an illumination window for directing illumination light therethrough and an observation window for observing an illuminated internal portion of the body cavity, arranged at a distal end portion of the insert section, and a blood flow changing section for changing a blood flow of blood flowing through a vessel in a near-surface region of a living organ inside the body cavity by providing one of a temperature change and vibration energy.

Abstract: A control apparatus controls a bio-optical measurement apparatus which is configured to be inserted into a subject through an endoscopic device and is configured to perform an optical measurement of a biological tissue in the subject. The endoscopic device is configured to capture, by inserting a distal end part of the endoscopic device into the subject, in-vivo images of the subject by an imaging unit provided at the distal end part. The control apparatus includes a position determining unit configured to determine a position of the distal end part in the subject, and a permission signal outputting unit configured to output a permission signal for permitting the bio-optical measurement apparatus to perform the optical measurement based on a determination result by the position determining unit.

Abstract: A biological optical measurement apparatus includes a connector unit to which a measurement probe is detachably connected, a supply unit configured to supply air to the connector unit, a pipe that connects the connector unit and the supply unit, a pressure detection unit configured to detect a pressure value in the pipe, and an abrasion determination unit configured to determine abrasion of the connector unit based on the pressure value detected by the pressure detection unit under conditions that the measurement probe is connected to the connector unit.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a flash memory that stores a reference value of a color balance adjustment value of an endoscopic image of an endoscope that picks up an object through a polarizer. The endoscope calculates, from the reference value and the color balance adjustment value of the endoscope after elapse of a predetermined time period, an amount of change in the color balance adjustment value; judges whether or not the calculated amount of change is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold; and, when the amount of change is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold, outputs a predetermined output.

Abstract: An optical measuring device includes: a light source unit; a measurement probe including a fiber bundle, an illumination fiber that illuminates a living tissue with a illumination light, and a plurality of light-receiving fibers that receives return light of the illumination light reflected and/or scattered at the living tissue; a detection unit that receives the return light of the illumination light detected by the plurality of respective light-receiving fibers, and performs photoelectric conversion to detect respective signal intensities; and an association unit that associates the respective signal intensities detected by the detection unit with distances from the illumination fiber to the respective light-receiving fibers on an end face of a distal end portion of the measurement probe, when light having an intensity gradient around the illumination fiber is projected to the end face of the distal end portion of the measurement probe.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for detecting foreign material obstructing a blood content sensor window to facilitate higher data accuracy from such sensors, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention for detecting foreign matter with the blood content sensor when the blood content sensor is not contacted with living tissue, an illuminator for blood content detection and the blood content sensor share a common outer window. When the window is at a distance from tissue and in absence of foreign matter on the window, all or most of the emitted light will be dispersed and little or no light will be reflected back into the sensor. Conversely, when the window is at a distance from tissue and foreign matter is present on the window, a substantial portion of the emitted light will be reflected back into the sensor indicating the presence of the foreign matter.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus is configured to detachably connect to a measurement probe for performing optical measurement by receiving and outputting light from a tip of the measurement probe. The optical measurement apparatus includes a computation unit configured to compute intensity of the light inputted to the measurement probe, and output the intensity as measurement data, a recording unit configured to record the measurement data of at least one subject, a reset controller configured to perform control of deleting the measurement data recorded in the recording unit and resetting the recording unit, and a detector which is provided at a connection part between the optical measurement apparatus and the measurement probe, and which is configured to detect that the measurement probe is attached to the optical measurement apparatus and cause the reset controller to be in an on state according to the detection.