Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a plurality of ejection ports, a plurality of pressure chambers each communicating with each of the ejection ports, a piezoelectric actuator constituting part of walls of the pressure chambers, and a common liquid chamber containing liquid to be supplied to the pressure chambers. The pressure chambers and the common liquid chamber are opposed with an opposing wall interposed therebetween. The opposing wall faces the wall of the pressure chambers constituted by the piezoelectric actuator. A reinforcing portion that supports the opposing wall is provided in the common liquid chamber.

Abstract: An element substrate in which a plurality of members are layered. Plates and a substrate serving as the plurality of members being layered and adhered to each other. The element substrate including a plurality of ejection ports that eject a liquid, and a plurality of supply ports that each communicate with a different ejection port. At least one of the members includes a groove that is, when viewing, from above, a surface in which the ejection ports are formed, formed between two ejection ports, each of which communicates to a different supply port.

Abstract: An element substrate in which a plurality of members are layered. Plates and a substrate serving as the plurality of members being layered and adhered to each other. The element substrate including a plurality of ejection ports that eject a liquid, and a plurality of supply ports that each communicate with a different ejection port. At least one of the members includes a groove that is, when viewing, from above, a surface in which the ejection ports are formed, formed between two ejection ports, each of which communicates to a different supply port.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a plurality of ejection ports, a plurality of pressure chambers each communicating with each of the ejection ports, a piezoelectric actuator constituting part of walls of the pressure chambers, and a common liquid chamber containing liquid to be supplied to the pressure chambers. The pressure chambers and the common liquid chamber are opposed with an opposing wall interposed therebetween. The opposing wall faces the wall of the pressure chambers constituted by the piezoelectric actuator A reinforcing portion that supports the opposing wall is provided in the common liquid chamber.

Abstract: A hollow poppet valve has an internal cavity which extends from within its valve head into a valve stem portion and is partly filled with a coolant. A manufacturing method includes forming a coolant rod by cutting clayish coolant to a coolant rod of a predetermined length from the coolant material extruded from an extruder; a coolant-rod insertion step in which a coolant rod is inserted into a cavity formed in an intermediate valve product through its opening; and a step of sealing the opening of the hole. In the coolant-rod insertion step, coolant-rods are inserted into the cavity separately in multiple times. Since each coolant rod is short, it is little deformed or bent, so that it has little interference with the inner periphery of the cavity, which permits use of a thick rod and increase the amount of the coolant in the cavity.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow poppet valve capable of storing a large amount of a coolant in an internal cavity (S) of the valve, which cavity extends from within its valve head (14) into a valve stem portion (12) and is filled with a coolant (19) together with an inert gas. The method comprises steps of: (i) forming a coolant rod (19a) of a predetermined length from a linear clayish coolant (19) to extruded from an extruder (20); (ii) inserting a coolant-rod into a cavity formed in an intermediate valve product (11) through its opening; and (iii) sealing the opening of the hole (S). In the step (ii), a coolant-rod may be divided into a shorter and thicker multiple pieces (19a, 19b) for divisional insertion into the cavity (S) in multiple times, so that they have little interference with the inner periphery of the cavity (S).

Abstract: A cutting tool having coating layers which are formed on the cutting tool substrate made of hard material, and the coating layers are composed of an inner layer of AlTiN, an interlayer of TiN, and an outer layer of Al2O3. The cutting tool is preferably produced by subjecting its substrate to surface-cleaning and surface treating by projection of flexible abrasives before forming the coating layers. The total thickness of the coating layer on a flank of the cutting tool is preferably in the range of 2 to 80 ?m, and, further, it is preferable that thicknesses of the inner layer, the interlayer, and the outer layer on the flank are 0.5 to 35 ?m, 1.0 to 40 ?m, and 0.5 to 5 ?m, respectively.

Abstract: Thread cutting of the end portion of a long tubular member (1) held by a chuck system (3) is carried out with high accuracy without leaving mill scale on the complete thread portion of the resulting threads. The protruding length L of the long tubular member from the chuck system (3) to the end face of the tubular member is controlled so that the ratio L/D of the protruding length L to the outer diameter D of the long tubular member (1) is in a range predetermined depending on the outer diameter D and the ratio t/D of the wall thickness t to the outer diameter D of the tubular member (1). When the chuck system is a floating chuck system having a floating chuck and a positioning chuck, the protruding length L of the tubular member from the floating chuck and the protruding length L? thereof from the positioning chuck are controlled.

Abstract: A cutting tool having coating layers which are formed on the cutting tool substrate made of hard material, and the coating layers are composed of an inner layer of AlTiN, an interlayer of TiN, and an outer layer of Al2O3. The cutting tool is preferably produced by subjecting its substrate to surface-cleaning and surface treating by projection of flexible abrasives before forming the coating layers. The total thickness of the coating layer on a flank of the cutting tool is preferably in the range of 2 to 80 ?m, and, further, it is preferable that thicknesses of the inner layer, the interlayer, and the outer layer on the flank are 0.5 to 35 ?m, 1.0 to 40 ?m, and 0.5 to 5 ?m, respectively.

Abstract: An end portion machining apparatus capable of achieving an increase in both productivity and accuracy. The apparatus comprises a rotatable chuck which holds the vicinity of one end of a tubular good LP, a thread cutting machine 12 which is installed in the vicinity of the chuck and which has a machining tool which can be adjusted in position with respect to one end portion of the tubular good LP rotating with the chuck, and a support device 13 which supports the other end portion of the rotating tubular good LP while following the tubular good LP. The support device 13 comprises four support rollers 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d which form pairs installed on both sides of the tubular good LP, each pair comprising an upper and lower roller, and air cylinders 13e and 13f which can individually move the pairs of support rollers 13a, 13b and 13c, 13d each comprising an upper and lower roller into and out of contact with the tubular good LP.

Abstract: An electronic circuit breaker is provided with a plurality of air coils, each of which is coupled to a main circuit and an overcurrent signal integrating circuit which receives the output of the air coil to output an overcurrent signal when the current through the main circuit exceeds a predetermined value. A current signal simulating an overcurrent in the main circuit is fed from an external testing device into a current signal receiving terminal (CST). A test voltage generating resistor (TVGR) is connected between the CST and ground. The current signal flows through the TVGR to develop a test voltage across the TVGR. Thus, the overcurrent signal integrating circuit simulates the overcurrent signal on the basis of the test voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed are heat-sealable edible films comprising at least a film layer containing a water-soluble polysaccharide as the principal component, or comprising at least (a) a film layer as described above and (b) a subfilm layer containing an alkali metal salt of casein, soybean protein or a combination of soybean protein and gelatin, as the principal component. Preferably, the water-soluble polysaccharide is composed chiefly of carrageenan and the film layer additionally contains a polyhydric alcohol. These edible films are useful in sealing or packaging powdery foods, granular foods, dry solid foods, oily foods and the like.

Abstract: A novel catalyst and solid catalyst component useful for preparing polyolefins having a broad molecular weight distribution and high stereoregularity.

Abstract: In a switch with pre-alarm means having level adjusting apparatus (105a) of the pre-alarming and an indicator (103) for showing that value of current flowing on a load corresponds to the pre-alarm level, the level adjusting apparatus (105a) is adjusted with monitoring the indicator (103). When the indicator (103) is lighted, the value shown by level indicator (105b) of the level adjusting apparatus (105a) corresponds to actual value of the current flowing on the load at that time.

Abstract: In a circuit breaker having an instant time tripping test function, terminals which are connected to an electric power source of a control circuit of the circuit breaker and a quasi over-current signal generating circuit for tripping test are provided on a front face of a housing of the circuit breaker, and a widely usable detachable tripping tester comprising a D.C. power source and a switch is connected to the terminals, thereby a predetermined voltage is applied to the electric power circuit and the quasi over-current signal generating circuit for testing a tripping mechanism.

Abstract: In a four-pole circuit breaker having U, V, W and N poles for protection of corresponding phases, only an N phase signal, which is reproduced by a current signal reproducing circuit in response to a current flowing through an N phase line, is amplified by a rated current reducing circuit and supplied to a maximum phase signal selection circuit together with other phase signals.

Abstract: A current of an alternating current electric line is detected by a current transformer, the output of the current transformer is rectified by a rectifier, a series connection of a switching means and a resistor is coupled across the output terminals of the rectifier, a control circuit composed of a capacitor, a comparator and a reference voltage generator is coupled in parallel to the switching means through a diode, when the DC output voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage based on the reference voltage of the reference voltage generator, the comparator outputs a signal for closing the switching means, and the voltage which is applied to the control circuit is limited to a predetermined value.

Abstract: In a process for producing a catalyst having a composition represented by the following formula usable to produce methacrylic acid by the gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen,P.sub.a Mo.sub.b Cu.sub.c V.sub.d X.sub.e Y.sub.f Z.sub.g O.sub.hwherein P, Mo, Cu, V and O are phosphorus, molybdenum, copper, vanadium and oxygen, respectively, X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, germanium, zirconium, tellurium and silver, Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, zinc, chromium, magnesium, tantalum, manganese, barium, boron, gallium, cerium and lanthanum, Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium, a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h are an atomic ratio of each element, and when b is 12, a is 0.5 to 3, c is 0.01 to 2, d is 0.01 to 3, e is 0.01 to 3, f is 0 to 3, g is 0.

Abstract: A process for producing methacrylic acid which includes subjecting methacrolein to gaseous phase catalytic oxidation using molecular oxygen and a catalyst represented by the general formula:P.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c Fe.sub.d Ce.sub.e (NH.sub.4).sub.f X.sub.g Y.sub.h Z.sub.i O.sub.jwherein P, Mo, V, Fe, Ce, NH.sub.4 and O represent phosphorus, molybdenum, vanadium, iron, cerium, ammonium group and oxygen, respectively; X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, bismuth, chromium, magnesium, silver, tantalum and lanthanum; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of arsenic, antimony, zirconium, barium, manganese, germanium and tellurium; Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidum, cesium and thallium; a, b, c, d, e, g, h, i and j each represents an atomic ratio of each element, and b is 12, a is in a range of 0.5-3, c is in a range of 0.01-3, d is in a range of 0.01-2, e is in a range of 0.