Abstract: A composition for surface treatment of aluminium, aluminum alloys, magnesium or magnesium alloys and the treating solutions being diluted to the desired concentration are defined. The composition contains (1) compound A containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Hf(IV), Ti(IV) and Zr(IV), (2) a fluorine-containing compound of sufficient amount to make fluorine exist in the composition in an amount of at least 5 times the molarity of the total molarity of the metal contained in the above-mentioned compound A, (3) at least one metal ion B selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, (4) at least one metal ion C selected from the group consisting of Al, Zn, Mg, Mn and Cu, and (5) nitric ion and the mol concentration of compound A is 0.1-50 mmol/L as the metal element of Hf(IV), Ti(IV) and Zr(IV). A metal treated with the treating method of the present invention solution has an excellent resistance to various corrosive environments.

Abstract: Electrolysis using a suitable electrolyte provides a completely nonsludging zinc phosphate conversion coating process that produces a high quality conversion coating in a very short time. The suitable electrolyte contains at least water, dissolved nitric acid, and dissolved zinc cations and optionally also contains m chemically distinct species of cations other than zinc and n chemically distinct species of anions other than anions derivable by ionization of phosphoric and nitric acids, each of m and n independently being zero or a positive integer.

Abstract: A composition for surface treatment of aluminium, aluminum alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy and the treating solutions being diluted to the desired concentration are defined. A said composition of this invention containing (1) compound A containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Hf(IV), Ti(IV) and Zr(IV), (2) fluorine containing compound of sufficient amount to make fluorine existed in the composition at least by 5 times of molarity to the total molarity of metal contained in above mentioned compound A, (3) at least one metal ion B selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, (4) at least one metal ion C selected from the group consisting of Al, Zn, Mg, Mn and Cu, and (5) nitric ion and the mol concentration of compound A is 0.1-50 mmol/L as metal element of Hf(IV), Ti(IV) and Zr(IV). The metal treated with the treating method applying the present invention solution has excellent resistance to various corrosive environments.

Abstract: A high quality lubricant carrier for lubrication in cold plastic working of iron and steel is provided by a process in which the surfaces of objects to be worked are first treated with a surface conditioning liquid composition that contains dispersed fine particles of at least one of a Jernstedt salt, zinc phosphate, zinc calcium phosphate, and calcium phosphate, and is then treated by a phosphatizing solution that contains calcium cations.

Abstract: A waterborne lubricant for the cold plastic working of metals that contains alkali metal salts of dimer(s) and/or trimer(s) of unsaturated fatty acids with from 10 to 24 carbon atoms per molecule has a lubrication performance at least as good as that of prior lubricants, even at generally lower lubricating film weights, has a long bath life, and generates little dust during cold plastic working operations. Even as little as 5% of these salts of dimer(s) and/or trimer(s) of unsaturated fatty acids, when mixed with conventional alkali metal salts of saturated fatty acids with from 10-24 carbon atoms per molecule, can provide these benefits.

Abstract: This invention concerns a humidity sensor wherein a chemical conversion coating, giving attention to the property that it undergoes an impedance decrease with adsorption of moisture, is used as humidity sensing element which is characterizied by an extremely short electrode distance, greatly improved sensitivity, high speed response, stable performance over a long period of time, high reliability and cheaper production cost.The principal point that characterizes the humidity sensor in this invention is that the chemical conversion coating deposited on the metal surface with or without an electrolysis application, is made usable as a humidity sensing element. For the chemical conversion coating, such coatings as phosphate, oxalate, titanium fluoro-complex, chromium phosphate and non-chromium types are used.On top of this chemical conversion coating, application of a humidity sensing film is effected to further improve humidity sensing performance.