Abstract: An interrogation responder system composed of a transmitter stationarily mounted in a certain fixed place and a receiver mounted on a mobile object. The receiver on the mobile side starts the operation when a power is supplied to the entire circuit in accordance with a wake-up signal from the transmitter on the fixed side so as to modulate the electromagnetic signal emitted from the transmitter on the fixed side in accordance with a predetermined code and reflect a response. This enables continuing bilateral communication of a command, data and so forth. By starting communication between the transmitter and the receiver by a direct wave of a carrier signal in a microwave band after sensing that the receiver on the mobile side has entered a good communication zone, secure communication is enabled at a sufficient electric field strength.

Abstract: A gas sampling valve is provided with a small opening for gas sampling and a gas flow channel communicating therewith and is adapted to sample a gas in the gas flow passage by operating a valve for opening and closing the small opening, wherein at least one detector for detecting the concentration of oxygen or combustion gas is disposed in the gas flow passage, whereby the concentration of oxygen, an air excess ratio, the combustion efficiency, or the like can be measured without using a separate analyzer.

Abstract: A direct injection internal combustion engine of a compression ignition type in which portions of an injected fuel spray which have not been evaporated are prevented from striking the walls of the combustion chamber, and the fuel spray is prevented from catching up the air around it when moving in the combustion chamber, thereby providing an engine having reduced combustion noise, reduced amount of smoke and noxious emissions, and improved fuel economy. A combustion chamber is formed in the piston substantially in the form of a spherical cavity gradually narrowing towards the opening of the cavity at the top surface of the piston. An air intake mechanism swirls intake air supplied to the combustion chamber. A swirl injector injects a fuel spray substantially in the form of a hollow cone having a velocity component in a direction tangential of the central axis of the nozzle.

Abstract: An aspherical lens for use in optical equipment is made of a transparent lens material and rotationally symmetrical around a Z-axis of an XYZ three-dimensional coordinate system. The aspherical lens has a surface on which incident light falls and another surface from which light emerges. Either one of the surfaces comprises a spherical surface and the other surfaces comprises an aspherical surface to allow a lens to singly diverge and converge parallel rays of light. The coordinates in three-dimensional coordinate system of points on the spherical and aspherical surfaces are given using as parameters an angle (-90.degree..ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.90.degree.) formed in a plane containing the Z-axis and normal to an X-Y plane and between the Z-axis and a line connecting the point and the origin of the coordinate system, and an angle (0.degree..ltoreq..phi..ltoreq.180.degree.) formed in a plane parallel to the X-Y plane and between an X-axis and a line connecting the point and the Z-axis.

Abstract: A noise supply suppression electrode arrangement for use in a distributor employed in an ignition system of an internal combustion engine of an automobile or the like. A rotor of the distributor is integrally formed by a dielectric material, such as ceramic, and a rotor electrode is mounted on a turn table of the rotor, the tip of the rotor electrode being located a predetermined distance from the edge of the turn table, so that discharge between the rotor electrode and a counterelectrode occurs through the rotor dielectric material.