Abstract: A metal titanium production apparatus includes: a reductor that subjects titanium tetrachloride to a reduction process in presence of bismuth and magnesium to obtain a liquid alloy containing titanium and the bismuth; a segregator that subjects the liquid alloy to a segregation process to obtain a precipitate; and a distillator that subjects the precipitate to a distillation process to obtain metal titanium, and the distillator sets an atmosphere so as to preferentially vaporize the bismuth attached to the precipitate and then sets the atmosphere so as to vaporize the bismuth forming the precipitate.

Abstract: A metal titanium production apparatus includes: a reductor that subjects titanium tetrachloride to a reduction process in presence of bismuth and magnesium to obtain a liquid alloy containing titanium and the bismuth; a segregator that subjects the liquid alloy to a segregation process to obtain a precipitate; and a distillator that subjects the precipitate to a distillation process to obtain metal titanium, and the distillator sets an atmosphere so as to preferentially vaporize the bismuth attached to the precipitate and then sets the atmosphere so as to vaporize the bismuth forming the precipitate.

Abstract: The electronic money transaction processing system according to the present invention generates electronic money data which corresponds to a refund amount in response to a refund request from a user, and transmits this electronic money data directly to an IC card. Therefore, the user is able to instantly receive the refund amount as electronic money and, because the user is relieved of the task of paying electronic money from his or her own banking facility account to the IC card, user convenience is improved.

Abstract: A transportation arrangement center for drawing up an operations plan is arranged between shippers and both physical distribution centers and transportation bases. The transportation arrangement center is provided with a master data managing unit for managing cargo item data, physical distribution center data, and vehicle and garage data concerning vehicles managed by the transportation bases and their garages and with a route making unit for making routes, taking in consideration also priority vehicles, based on the data of the cargoes, physical distribution centers, vehicles, and garages. The route making unit sets the efficient routes satisfying the transportation orders from the shippers and the restraint conditions on operation, minimizing the number of vehicles dispatched, and selecting the optimum transportation bases. This gives a transportation arrangement system capable of improving the physical distribution efficiency while keeping down the total number of vehicles dispatched.

Abstract: A transportation arrangement center for drawing up an operations plan is arranged between shippers and both physical distribution centers and transportation bases. The transportation arrangement center is provided with a master data managing unit for managing cargo item data, physical distribution center data, and vehicle and garage data concerning vehicles managed by the transportation bases and their garages and with a route making unit for making routes, taking in consideration also priority vehicles, based on the data of the cargoes, physical distribution centers, vehicles, and garages. The route making unit sets the efficient routes satisfying the transportation orders from the shippers and the restraint conditions on operation, minimizing the number of vehicles dispatched, and selecting the optimum transportation bases. This gives a transportation arrangement system capable of improving the physical distribution efficiency while keeping down the total number of vehicles dispatched.