Abstract: An image pickup apparatus comprises one holding component which holds two or more prisms and an image pickup element. As for the holding component, a prism holding portion and an image pickup element holding portion are formed in one component. At the prism holding portion, an opening is formed. At the image pickup element, the image pickup element holding portion is fixed. Each prism is fixed to the holding component from the both sides of the holding component by fitting a projected portion into a penetration hole, respectively.

Abstract: A vehicle light includes a light source, a main-reflector, and a sub-reflector. The sub-reflector is arranged around the light source. The main-reflector is arranged around the light source and the sub-reflector. The main-reflector includes a reflection surface that reflects light from the light source in a predetermined direction, avoiding the sub-reflector.

Abstract: A vehicle headlight includes a first lamp unit and a second lamp unit. The first lamp unit includes a light source and a reflector. The light source includes a first filament, a second filament, and a shade. The reflector includes a first reflection surface, a second reflection surface, and a third reflection surface. The third reflection surface reflects light from the first filament to obtain a first condensing light-distribution-pattern, and reflects light from the second filament to obtain a second condensing light-distribution-pattern.

Abstract: An optical element assembly includes a first optical element, a second optical element, and a positioning holder member. The first optical element has engageably shaped portions in a peripheral portion of an effective area on a first injection surface through which the effective luminous flux passes. These engageably shaped portions respectively correspond to one engageably shaped portions formed on one opponent surface of the positioning holder member that opposes the first injection surface. The second optical element has engageably shaped portions in a peripheral portion of an effective area on a second incident surface through which the effective luminous flux passes. These engageably shaped portions respectively correspond to the other engageably shaped portions formed on the other opponent surface of the positioning holder member that opposes the second incident surface.

Abstract: A screw compressor comprises a casing, and a male and a female rotor formed with axially twisted screw grooves and accommodated in the casing, the both rotors being rotated by timing gears fixed to the respective rotors while a desired minute gap is kept therebetween, and a method of manufacturing rotors therefor. In the screw compressor, the male and female rotors formed with axially twisted screw grooves in the casing comprise concave stripes having a minute depth and provided on the respective screw grooves to extend along directions of twist thereof, and leakage of a compressed air is less to give a high compression efficiency.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to enable photographing of a desired X-ray image in accordance with each of fluoroscopy, radiography of moving images in an area of interest and spot radiography by simplified operations, and to reduce an exposure dose to a subject. A correlation table is previously input before radiographing (S1), and is memorized (S2). A radiographer sets an irradiation field R to R1 (S3), and an X-ray aperture is opened by predetermined quantity (S4). An opening value is sent to a control part (S5), and X-rays irradiate a subject P on an irradiation condition of a tube voltage (V) and tube current (A) based on the correlation table (S6). The emitted X-rays pass through the subject, enter a planar X-ray-detecting element, then are read and converted to picture signals.

Abstract: The decentering optical system comprises a decentering prism and a holding component. The decentering prism has two or more positioning portions at positions which sandwich an effective diameter of an optically functional surface held by the holding component. The holding component has a holding portion of positioning portions corresponding to the positioning portions of the decentering prism. Furthermore, on the optically functional surface of the decentering prism, two and more projected portions are arranged at a position which sandwich the effective diameter of the optically functional surface and is located at the outside of the positioning portion, and a projected portion is located inside of the positioning portion. The decentering prism is fixed for positioning at the holding component through the positioning portion, the holding portion of the positioning portion and the projected portions.

Abstract: An image pickup optical system includes, in order from the object side, a front unit having at least one reflecting surface with power that is rotationally asymmetrical, an aperture stop, and a rear unit having at least one reflecting surface with power that is rotationally asymmetrical. In this case, F-numbers in two directions perpendicular to each other on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis are different. Decentration takes place in one of the two directions and the F-number in a direction perpendicular to a decentering direction is smaller than that in the decentering direction. When the F-number in the decentering direction is represented by FNY and the F-number in the direction perpendicular to the decentering direction is represented by FNX, the optical system satisfies the following condition: 1.1<FNY/FNX<2.

Abstract: An X-ray image photographing apparatus includes an image obtaining portion for obtaining an X-ray distribution transmitted through an object, a grid detecting system having a construction for obtaining information from a grid side by the action of inserting the grid for decreasing scattered rays into the apparatus, and detecting at least one of the presence or absence of the grid, the kind of the grid and the presence or absence of the replacement of the grid by the use of the construction, an image processing system for image processing and outputting image data collected by the image obtaining portion, and a memory portion preserving therein a plurality of sets of image processing parameters for controlling the image processing system. The image processing system selects the image processing parameters preserved in the memory on the basis of at least the result of the detection by the grid detecting system and executes image processing.

Abstract: A fundus image-taking and recording apparatus emits an appropriate amount of light at the time of taking an image by determining an appropriate light exposure from the amount of observation light during observation. In particular, even when the brightness varies during fluorescence image-taking, the fundus image-taking apparatus can provide an image having adequate brightness by measuring the sensitivity of a television camera for observation to thereby determine an appropriate amount of image-taking light.

Abstract: There is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus that prevents ghost light from generating. In the ophthalmologic apparatus, on an optical path commonly used for an eye fundus illumination optical system and an image taking optical system including an image taking diaphragm, an objective lens for forming an image of the image taking diaphragm onto an anterior ocular segment of an eye to be examined is provided. The objective lens is formed such that the entire light beam from the center of the image taking ,diaphragm is substantially perpendicularly incident thereon. The objective lens is a refractive index distributed lens in which a refractive index is high in a vicinity of an optical axis and reduces as a distance from the optical axis increases.

Abstract: An ophthalmic photographic apparatus determines whether an eye under examination is the left eye or the right eye. In accordance with the determination, a corresponding fixation target is presented to a main unit, and a reference mark corresponding to the eye under examination, which is stored in a memory, is displayed on a monitor. An alignment mark projected onto and reflected from the anterior eye portion and the reference mark are displayed on the monitor, and hence alignment appropriate for the left and right eyes can be performed.

Abstract: An X-ray digital tomographic image taking apparatus which divides the course from the start to end of tomographic image taking into a plurality of sections differing in quality of irradiated X-rays and creates a plurality of tomographic images from the image data differing in quality of X-rays. It also calculates a subtraction image from the plurality of tomographic images.

Abstract: An X-ray-tomographic imaging apparatus for obtaining image data on a predetermined tomographic section of a subject with efficiency and effectiveness by using a plurality of X-ray projection images achieved by a plurality of X-rays that is made incident on the tomographic section from different directions is provided. The X-ray-tomographic imaging apparatus comprises a solid-image pickup unit that can convert each of the X-ray projection images to a signal and read the signal by a non-destructive reading method and a control unit making the solid-image pickup unit accumulate the signals of the X-ray projection images and read the signals by the non-destructive reading method during the signal accumulation.

Abstract: To provide a method of making measurements for a sample on the measuring surfaces of a substrate which makes it possible to simplify the control and construction of a measuring device, shorten the measuring period, make the measuring conditions constant, and improve the positional accuracy. The method and a device for carrying out the method are characterized in that measurements for the sample is performed by forming a circular orbit of detection areas, where detection is performed with a detector, on the measuring surfaces of the substrate while moving the detection areas relative to the substrate.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus for observations and photographs of an eye includes a body; an optical system including an image pickup device integrated in the body for picking up an image of an eye; a mount provided on the body for mounting auxiliary units thereon; an optical selector for selecting whether the image of the eye is to be guided to the image pickup device or to the auxiliary unit mounted on the mount; and a controller for deciding whether the image of the eye is to be guided to the image pickup device or to the auxiliary unit according to the kind of the auxiliary unit mounted on the mount and controlling the optical selector for observation and for photographing independently.

Abstract: There is provided an ophthalmologic image pickup apparatus in which a pattern of an image resulting from unnecessary reflected light generated in an optical system by illumination of an illumination unit is stored in a storage unit and the image resulting from the unnecessary reflected light is eliminated using a correction pattern in accordance with an image pickup condition.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a plurality of data processing circuits that perform an identical processing operation and a judging circuits that judges a consistency or an inconsistency among processing results of the plurality of data processing circuits. A processing error that is generated in any of the plurality of data processing circuits is detected based on a judgment of inconsistency among the processing results provided by the judging circuit.

Abstract: To provide a method of making measurements for a sample on the measuring surfaces of a substrate which makes it possible to simplify the control and construction of a measuring device, shorten the measuring period, make the measuring conditions constant, and improve the positional accuracy. The method and a device for carrying out the method are characterized in that measurements for the sample is performed by forming a circular orbit of detection areas, where detection is performed with a detector, on the measuring surfaces of the substrate while moving the detection areas relative to the substrate.

Abstract: A biosensor, a measuring instrument for biosensor, and a method of quantifying a substrate contained in specimen liquid to reduce a measurement error by the biosensor; a biosensor, comprising at least a pair of electrodes formed on an insulation substrate; a measuring instrument, comprising a supporting part for detachably supporting the biosensor, a plurality of connection terminals electrically connected to the electrodes, and a drive power supply for applying a voltage to the electrodes through the connection terminals; wherein the biosensor is inserted into the measuring instrument, either one of the electrodes of the biosensor is connected to first and second connection terminals fined to the measuring instrument only when the biosensor is inserted into the support part of the measuring instrument in a specified direction and has an electrode structure to allow the first connection terminal to conduct with the second connection terminal when a voltage is applied by the drive power supply.