Abstract: A method, a device, and a computer-readable medium for simulating a multilayer optical storage medium are disclosed. A multiple-layer optical storage medium is simulated by using a set of multiple single-layer media, wherein the number of multiple single-layer media is equal to or smaller than the number of multiple layers of the multiple layer optical storage medium, and each single layer of the set of multiple single-layer media comprises a copy of the corresponding layer of the multiple-layer medium. This is transparent to any application software accessing a device having such a single-layer medium inserted therein by the drive reporting to the application that a multi-layer optical storage medium has actually been inserted into the device for reading or writing. The device may be comprised in an audio-visual player and/or a recorder such as a DVD recorder.

Abstract: A performance maintaining method for an electrolyzed functional water generating apparatus capable of maintaining a state allowing steady generation of high-performance electrolyzed functional water is provided. A cation-exchange membrane provided in contact with an anode between a cathode and the anode regenerates a membrane by desorbing cations adsorbed to the cation-exchange membrane while to-be-electrolyzed raw water is subjected to electrolysis with a positive polarity in a state where an electrolytic chamber is supplied with to-be-electrolyzed raw water in the electrolyzed functional water generating apparatus having an electrolytic cell with a special structure that allows intake of the entire amount of water as cathode water.

Abstract: Detergent producing apparatus including an electrolysis cell having an anode chamber and a cathode chamber and a diaphragm for separating the two, a solution tank for making a solution by dissolving at least one carbonate and bicarbonate of alkali metal in water, a first mechanism for supplying a solution in the solution tank at least to the anode chamber of the electrolysis cell; and a mechanism for mixing after completion of the electrolysis anode water and cathode water respectively generated in the anode chamber and the cathode chamber to make mixed electrolytic water.

Abstract: A solution containing at least one of carbonate and bicarbonate of alkali metal, for example, a sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, as a solution to be electrolyzed is electrolyzed, and the obtained electrolytic water is used as an undiluted detergent.

Abstract: Washing items are washed simultaneously with softening washing water comprising alkali metal ion and at least one of carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion. The washing water before being softened is obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate having a pH of 9.5 or more and an electric conductivity of 150 mS/m or more. The softened washing water has a total hardness of 40 ppm or less.

Abstract: Washing items are washed simultaneously with softening washing water comprising alkali metal ion and at least one of carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion. The washing water before being softened is obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate having a pH of 9.5 or more and an electric conductivity of 150 mS/m or more. The softened washing water has a total hardness of 40 ppm or less.

Abstract: There is provided a method and an apparatus for improving surface roughness of tooth surfaces of an external-tooth gear (W), and thereby reducing the occurrence of noises associated with the meshing between teeth. In accordance with the method, teeth of the external-tooth gear (W) are polished by rotating teeth of the external-tooth gear (W) relative to a film polishing member (110) in the tooth profile direction, and simultaneously by oscillating the external-tooth gear (W) in the tooth trace direction, while pressing the film polishing member (110) against tooth surfaces of the external-tooth gear W by backing up with a shoe (120).

Abstract: An apparatus for producing electrolyzed water comprising an electrolytic cell, wherein the electrolytic cell includes an anode plate having a through-hole, a cathode plate having a through-hole and a sealing member. The electrolytic cell is constructed of the anode plate, the cathode plate, and the sealing member with the sealing member interposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate. Thereby a electrolytic chamber for electrolyzing subject water to be electrolyzed is defined between the anode plate and the cathode plate. One of the through-holes of the anode plate and the cathode plate serves as an inlet for introducing the subject water into the electrolytic chamber, the other through-hole serves as an outlet for discharging the subject water into the electrolytic chamber.

Abstract: An electrolytic ionized water producer of a continuous type is disclosed which does not require users to perform complicated operations and which makes it possible to obtain ionized water easily with a simple operation, to remove the fear of obtaining unnecessary ionized water in the case of reversing polarity and, further, to maintain a stable electrolyzing capability for a long time while removing scale in an optimum way in every water supplying operation.