Abstract: First aspect of the present invention: In dot inversion driving, polarities of image signals written to contiguous left and right ones of pixels differ from each other and accordingly, a domain is produced at corners of an opening portion, as a result, an aperture rate of the pixel is lowered and the transmittivity is deteriorated. In the case of an active matrix type TFT liquid crystal display apparatus of a dot successive driving system, gate lines Vg1 through Vg5 are wired to meander between the pixels of two upper and lower lines, Cs lines are wired in a matrix shape, image signals video1 and video2 having polarities inverse to each other are simultaneously written to the pixels of different upper and lower two lines and polarities of the pixels in a pixel arrangement after the writing operation are made the same polarity between contiguous left and right ones of the pixels and inverse polarities between upper and lower ones of the pixels.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: The primary object of the present invention is to provide a touch panel which has an excellent contact level between a undercoat layer and a substrate on which the undercoat layer is formed. The secondary object of the present invention to provide a touch panel which is lightweight and provided with a wide operating temperature and impact resistance. The primary object is achieved by providing a metal layer between a conductive-layer forming member and an undercoat layer, the metal layer being formed from a single metal element or an alloy of metal elements. The secondary object of the present invention is achieved by using an amorphous polyolefine base resin sheet for forming conductive-layer forming members of the touch and display substrates and using a material for forming a supporting member so that a difference between linear expansion coefficients of the supporting member and each of the conductive-layer forming members is kept within 1×10−5/° C.

Abstract: A vacuum processing apparatus for performing plasma etching in a processing chamber on a base. An actuator, when lowered, forms a closed processing chamber by pressing a lid member onto a work platform, and, when raised, opens the processing chamber by setting the lid member apart from the work platform. The actuator is disposed above the lid member, and frame posts and conveying means, of the work are disposed so as not to block the front side of the lid member, and therefore a free working space for serviceman is kept at the front side of the lid member. Therefore, the serviceman can easily do maintenance work of the lid member or preparation of the processing chamber.

Abstract: A filter-tipped cigarette comprises a tobacco rod including a tobacco filler and a tobacco wrapper paper wrapped around the tobacco filler, a filter including a filter member and a filter wrapper paper integrally wrapped around the filter member, and a tip paper sheet having a plurality of apertures arranged along a circumferential direction and connecting the tobacco rod and the filter. The filter wrapper paper has an embossment on substantially an overall surface of the filter wrapper paper. The filter wrapper paper and the tip paper are adhered to each other selectively at projections of the embossment of the filter wrapper paper.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte battery is to be provided which effectively creates contact between an electrolyte and an electrode and which is significantly improved in battery characteristics. A positive electrode 6 is made up of a positive electrode collector 4 and a layer of the positive electrode composition 5 mainly composed of a binder and powders of a positive electrode active material. The layer of the positive electrode composition 5 has a mean layer thickness To which is within ±10% of the mean particle size L0 of the powders of a positive electrode active material so that the powders 22 of the positive terminal active material are contacted with the positive electrode collector 4 and a solid electrolyte film 10. The negative electrode 9 is made up of a negative electrode collector 7 and a layer of the negative electrode composition 8 mainly composed of a binder and powders 23 of a negative electrode active material.

Abstract: A filter-tipped cigarette comprises a tobacco rod including a tobacco filler and a tobacco wrapper paper wrapped around the tobacco filler, a filter including a filter member and a filter wrapper paper integrally wrapped around the filter member, and a tip paper sheet having a plurality of apertures arranged along a circumferential direction and connecting the tobacco rod and the filter. The filter wrapper paper has an embossment on substantially an overall surface of the filter wrapper paper. The filter wrapper paper and the tip paper are adhered to each other selectively at projections of the embossment of the filter wrapper paper.

Abstract: A lithium cell, having positive and negative electrodes capable of occluding and releasing lithium and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cell of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gelated electrolyte composed of a polyacrylonitrile containing high molecular material, a &ggr;-caprolactone containing non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt mainly comprised of LiPF6, with the content of &ggr;-caprolactone in the gelated electrolyte being 30 mol % or less. With the gelated electrolyte composed of the polyacrylonitrile containing high molecular material, non-aqueous solvent and the electrolyte salt mainly composed of LiPF6, a carbide film is formed on the electrode surface, on contact with the flame, as a result of the carbonization of the high molecular material and the carbonization accelerating operation of LiPF6. This carbide film inhibits inflammation for realizing superior combustion retardant properties.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte secondary cell in which discharge capacity loss can be suppressed even with the use of a graphitized carbonaceous material of a small particle size as a negative electrode material to assure low impedance, superior cell voltage and load characteristics and high charging/discharging efficiency. To this end, a graphitized carbonaceous material prepared by firing meso-carbon micro-beads is used as a material for a negative electrode 9.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprising a specific siloxane derivative of the following chemical formula 1 or 2, and at least one light metal salt such as an alkali metal salt: ##STR1## Also disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolyte cell comprising the electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution has good chemical and thermochemical stability, and the cell comprising it has high safety, and has good cell capabilities even at high voltage.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte comprises an aluminium halide and a quaternary ammonium halide dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. A non-aqueous electrolytic cell is also described, which comprises an anode made of Al or its alloy, an cathode and the non-aqueous electrolyte provided between the anode and the cathode. The non-aqueous electrolyte is suitable for electrodeposition of aluminium from the electrolyte. Because aluminium is reversibly electrodeposited from and dissolved in the electrolyte, the electrolyte is usable for making secondary cells having good charge and discharge characteristics and a high energy density.

Abstract: A multilayered interconnection substrate prevents contact failure from occurring and a process for fabricating the same wherein a multilayered interconnection substrate comprises a first interconnection layer formed on a substrate, at least two layers of insulation films differing in composition from each other are formed on the first interconnection layer. The insulation layers have at least one contact hole formed in such a manner to expose the selected portion of the first interconnection layer. A resin wall buries stepped portions formed on an inter-peripheral portion of the contact hole and a second interconnection layer formed inside the contact hole along the resin wall which is electrically connected to the first interconnection layer exposed at the bottom portion of the contact hole.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a first electrode that can be kept in a transparent state in a visible light region, and a second electrode electrically separated from the first electrode. A space is provided between the first and second electrodes. A certain function is used to provide a driving potential to the first and second electrodes. An electrolyte is poured into the space between the electrodes. The electrolyte is composed of a solution prepared by dissolving a silver salt in at least one type of solvent selected from a group consisting of dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpropionamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-ethoxyethanol, and 2-methoxyethanol. By use of this electrolyte, silver is precipitated and dissolved under driving control over the first and second electrodes. As a result, color-developing and color-fading are effected by precipitation and dissolution of silver, respectively.

Abstract: The invention is to obtain a polymer solid electrolyte composition which is free from electronic conduction and which has a high ionic conductivity even at temperatures near to room temperature and has good film-forming properties, mechanical strength and flexibility. The composition comprises an organic polymer having an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt structure, a nitrogen-containing, heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt and a metal salt. The organic polymer preferably has an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt structure at the end of the side chain of the polymer or in the main chain thereof, such as polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt, polydimethylaminopropylmethacrylamido methyl chloride quaternary salt, poly(N,N-dimethyl-3-pyrrolinium chloride), etc. The nitrogen-containing, heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt (e.g., alkylpyridinium halides) and the metal salt (e.g., aluminium halides) form a cold-melting salt.

Abstract: In a soldering ball mounting apparatus, a pickup head is movable between a soldering ball feeder and a workpiece to be mounted with soldering balls. The pickup head has a bottom formed with a large number of absorber holes for vacuum-absorbing the soldering balls from the soldering ball feeder. On the way to the workpiece, light is irradiated onto the bottom of the pickup head from the exterior. When the light leaks into the pickup head, the leakage light is detected by a light detector provided in the pickup head so that presence of a soldering-ball pickup error is determined. On the other hand, on the way to the soldering ball feeder after mounting the soldering balls onto the workpiece, light is irradiated along the bottom of the pickup head from one side. Accordingly, when the light is not received at the opposite side, at least one soldering ball remains attached to the bottom of the pickup head so that presence of a soldering-ball mounting error is determined.

Abstract: A multilayered interconnection substrate which prevents contact failure from occurring and a process for fabricating the same, said multilayered interconnection substrate comprising a first interconnection layer formed on a substrate, at least two layers of insulation films differing in composition from each other and being formed on said first interconnection layer, provided that the insulation layers comprise at least one contact hole formed in such a manner to expose the selected portion of said first interconnection layer, a resin wall which buries the stepped portions formed on the inner peripheral portion of said contact hole, and a second interconnection layer formed inside said contact hole along said resin wall and being electrically connected to the first interconnection layer exposed at the bottom portion of the contact hole.

Abstract: An active-matrix substrate has a layered structure in which an upper region including a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a lower region including a plurality of thin film transistors for driving the individual pixel electrodes are overlapped on each other. A planarization layer is interposed between both of the substrates. An active-matrix liquid crystal display device includes a main substrate and a facing substrate which are disposed to face to each other at a specified interval. A liquid crystal layer having a specified thickness is held between both of the substrates. A device bus line area including a plurality of thin film transistor devices and bus lines is formed on the surface of the main substrate. A planarization layer is formed to embed the irregularities on the surface of the device bus line area. Pixel electrodes in a matrix are formed on the flat surface of the planarization layer.

Abstract: An aluminum non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell having excellent rechargeable characteristics and comprising an aluminum or an aluminum alloy negative electrode, characterized in that it comprises a negative electrode made from aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a non-aqueous solvent with an aluminum halide and an organic halide dissolved therein, and a positive electrode containing FeS.sub.2 as the active material.

Abstract: A polymer solid electrolyte comprises an organic polymer which has monomer units each having a pendant alkyl quaternary ammonium group at one end of a side chain, and a metal salt. The pendant alkyl quaternary ammonium group may be represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 3, n is an integer of from 1 to 4, and X.sup.- is a counter ion. The metal salt is preferably an aluminium halide.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer processing system having a plurality of processing devices forming a base processing line for processing in sequence a workpiece having a semiconductor wafer is provided with an auxiliary loader connected to one of the processing devices for supplying the workpiece forming a processing line different from the base processing line, and an auxiliary unloader connected to the one processing device for receiving the workpiece processed by the one processing device at times when the one processing device is not supplied the workpiece by the processing device upstream of the one processing device in the base processing line.