Abstract: An active-matrix type liquid crystal display device having transparent substrates, a liquid crystal layer, pixel areas arranged on the surfaces of the transparent substrates on the liquid crystal side, and display electrodes, reference electrodes, scan lines, video signal lines, reference signal lines and active devices arranged in the pixel areas. A voltage is applied between the display electrodes and the reference electrodes to produce an electric field parallel to the transparent substrates in the liquid crystal layer, and on one of the transparent substrates the reference electrodes are arranged on both sides of the video signal lines, and on the other transparent substrate a shield electrode which is an electrically connected conductive member is formed to cover, as seen in plan view, the video signal lines in the pixel areas and a part of the reference electrodes on both sides of the video signal lines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a large-diameter, thick-wall martensitic stainless steel welded pipe. For this welded pipe, the size of the raised weld bead portion on the inside surface is restricted to be small based on a conditional formula derived by considering the bead width and height and the yield strength of the base metal and of the weld metal. As a result, the base metal portion and pipe inside surface seam portion of this welded pipe are superior in corrosion resistance, in particular stress corrosion cracking resistance (SCC resistance). The sulfide stress corrosion resistance (sour gas resistance) and carbon dioxide corrosion resistance can be further improved by selecting the chemical compositions. This welded pipe is very well suited for use as a pipe for a pipeline for conveying a crude oil and a natural gas with no dehydration treatment, which is highly corrosive to metals.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal layer interposed between first and second substrates, plural scanning signal lines and plural video signal lines arranged in a matrix form on the first substrate and a plural pixels formed in regions surrounded by adjacent scanning signal lines and adjacent video signal lines. Each pixel in the display region has at least an active device, a pixel electrode, and a counter electrode to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage difference between the counter electrode and the pixel electrode which are provided are on the same substrate. The driving of the liquid crystal molecules by applying the voltage difference includes rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate with plural directions so as to reduce viewing angle dependency of color tone change.

Abstract: In an active matrix liquid crystal display device that is capable of realizing viewing angles comparable to those of Brawn tubes and is for controlling display by electric fields extending substantially parallel to a substrate surface, there is provided an active matrix liquid crystal display device which is bright and low in power dissipation.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device having first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates, plural image signal lines and scan signal lines being formed on the substrate and each pixel region being formed by adjacent image signal lines and adjacent scan signal lines having at least an active device. At least a pixel electrode is connected to the active device and at least a counter electrode in each pixel, and the pixel electrode and the counter electrode are provided on the first substrate. A first alignment film is formed over the pixel electrode and counter electrode on the first substrate at least in a pixel forming region, and a second alignment film is formed on the second substrate at least in the pixel forming region. Rubbing directions of the first and second alignment films are substantially parallel to each other.

Abstract: In order to improve the picture quality, such as by minimizing the smear in a liquid crystal display device of the in-plane field type having a wide viewing field, and to reduce power consumption, in the active-matrix liquid crystal display device, over the transparent substrate opposed to the transparent substrate over which the video signal lines are provided, a shield electrode is formed completely overlapping the video signal lines in plan view, the light shielding layer has a multilayer structure comprising CrO and Cr layers in this order from the transparent substrate side to the liquid crystal layer side, a connection terminal for supplying a reference signal to the light shielding layer is formed over the transparent substrate over which the display electrodes, the scan signal lines, the video signal lines and the active devices are provided, and a conductive layer to electrically connect the light shielding layer and the connection terminal is provided.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide an active-matrix liquid crystal display device using a in-plane field type having wide viewing angle characteristics with homogeneous color tones, capable of realizing characristics equal to those of a CRT. In this active-matrix liquid crystal display device of the present invention, liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer have at least two kinds of driving (reorientation) directions by electric field over the substrate surface.

Abstract: A panel of a liquid crystal display, having a transparent insulating substrate, a gate line which is formed on the substrate, has a double-layered structure including a bottom metal layer and a top indium tin oxide layer, and extends to form a gate pad. A plurality of common electrodes which are formed on the substrate, connected to each other and separated from the gate line. An insulating layer covering the gate line and the common electrodes. A plurality of pixel electrodes which are formed on the insulating layer and are arranged between two of the common electrodes. A data line which is formed on the insulating layer and extends to form a data pad and a switching element having a gate connected to the gate line, a source connected to the data line and a drain connected to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A panel of a liquid crystal display, having a transparent insulating substrate, a gate line which is formed on the substrate, has a double-layered structure including a bottom metal layer and a top indium tin oxide layer, and extends to form a gate pad. A plurality of common electrodes which are formed on the substrate, connected to each other and separated from the gate line. An insulating layer covering the gate line and the common electrodes. A plurality of pixel electrodes which are formed on the insulating layer and are arranged between two of the common electrodes. A data line which is formed on the insulating layer and extends to form a data pad and a switching element having a gate connected to the gate line, a source connected to the data line and a drain connected to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: Welded high-strength steel structure with excellent SSC and corrosion resistance in a wet carbon dioxide environment having a low H.sub.2 S concentration. A structure having a Vickers hardness of at most 350 and a joint tensile strength of at least 620 MPa and composed of a base metal comprising a martensitic stainless steel with a martensitic or tempered martensitic structure containing 0.001 to 0.05% C and 9 to 14% Cr and a weld metal comprising an austenitic-ferritic stainless steel having a duplex structure composed of austenite and 35 to 75% by volume of ferrite and containing 22 to 27% Cr,7 to 11% Ni and 1.5 to 5% Mo, and at most 0.03% C as an impurity.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. A video signal line and scanning signal line formed on one of the pair of substrates cross each other in a matrix form with a plurality of pixels are formed by adjoining the video signal lines and the scanning signal lines. A pixel electrode and a counter electrode are arranged in the plurality of pixels, respectively. A transparent electrically conductive layer is formed over one of the pair of substrates at a viewed side of the liquid crystal display device which is opposite to the liquid crystal layer side and the counter electrode is provided adjacent to the video signal line.

Abstract: A so-called in-plane electric field type color liquid crystal display device employs the following configuration in order to minimize smear. Groups of row-direction arrayed unit pixels are staggered one-half pitch of the unit pixels from the adjacent row-direction arrayed unit pixel groups. Three adjoining unit pixels are selected from two adjacent row-direction arrayed unit pixel groups so that they straddle these two unit pixel groups, and the three selected adjoining unit pixels are assigned three primary colors respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal composition layer having twistable liquid crystal molecules, a first substrate and a second substrate having the liquid crystal composition layer disposed therebetween, and a video signal line formed between a face of the first substrate and a face of the liquid crystal composition layer with at least one pixel electrode and at least one counter electrode being formed at each of pixels adjoining each other across the video signal line. The pixel electrode is fed with a selected video signal through the video signal line, and the counter electrode is fed with a counter voltage. The twisting extent of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by an electric field which is generated between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode and which has a component substantially parallel to said first substrate.

Abstract: A in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer and two transparent substrates with the liquid crystal layer therebetween. Pixel regions are disposed on the surfaces of the transparent substrates on the liquid crystal side, each of the pixel regions including a display electrode and reference electrodes. Voltages are applied to the electrodes to form an electric field in the liquid crystal layer to be parallel to the transparent substrates, thereby modulating light passing through the liquid crystal layer. The display electrodes are configured to receive a video signal from a video signal line.

Abstract: Even when a high potential such as of static electricity is applied from the outside of the liquid crystal display panel, the display image is prevented from becoming abnormal. When a black matrix of a resin composition having a large resistivity is used, the positions of the polarizer plates, black matrix, sealing portion and open region of the housing are defined to prevent the light from leaking through the periphery of the effective pixel region. The leakage of backlight that cannot be prevented by the black matrix only is prevented by the polarizer plates and the housing, a transparent electrically conductive film having a sheet resistivity of not larger than 2.times.10.sup.4 .OMEGA./.quadrature. is formed over, under, or inside the polarizer plate, and the electrically conductive film is electrically connected to the electrically conductive housing.

Abstract: A sheet transportation device for use in an image forming apparatus is provided which has self-diagnosis and self-repair functions. The sheet transportation device has a sheet transportation system including a plurality of units (8). A control sequence for a sheet transportation operation is applied from a system body (10) to the respective units (8). The units (8) each execute the control sequence to perform the sheet transportation operation. The units (8) are each constructed so as to perform an autonomous operation. This construction allows the respective units to autonomously perform self-diagnosis and repair operations. The fault diagnosis and repair operations are performed in parallel to the sheet transportation control. Therefore, the sheet transportation device can flexibly adapt itself to an external influence such as a change in the use environment and a malfunction due to a time-related change such as the aging of components thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate and a second substrate having a liquid crystal composition layer disposed therebetween, a black matrix formed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate, and a video signal line formed between a face of the first substrate and a face of the liquid crystal composition layer. At least one pixel electrode is formed at each of pixels adjoining each other through the video signal line and fed with a selected video signal through the video signal line, and at least one counter electrode is fed with a counter voltage. An optical transmissivity of the liquid crystal composition layer is controlled by an electric field component which is generated between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode. One of the counter electrodes of the individual pixels is positioned at opposite sides of the video signal line, and the black matrix is formed over the video signal line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal composition layer having twistable liquid crystal molecules, a first substrate and a second substrate having the liquid crystal composition layer disposed therebetween, a video signal line formed on a face of the first substrate. At least one pixel electrode is fed with a video signal through the video signal line, and at least one counter electrode fed with a counter voltage, the pixel electrode and the counter electrode being opposed to each other. The twisting extent of the liquid crystal moles is controlled by an electric field component which is generated between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode. A spacing between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode arranged to oppose each other is larger than a width of at least one of the pixel electrode and the counter electrode and smaller than a spacing between the pixel electrode and the video signal line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix shape and a voltage signal waveform is applied to change the optical transmissivity or optical reflectivity of the pixels. A liquid crystal composition layer is disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate. At least one pair of pixel electrodes and counter electrodes are provided for each pixel between a face of the first substrate and a face of the liquid crystal composition layer and an electric field which is generated between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode and which has a component substantially parallel to the face of the first substrate. For each pixel, there are provided a video signal line, a drain electrode, a gate signal line, a gate electrode, a counter voltage signal line, a thin film transistor element, and a capacity element. A counter voltage signal is applied through the counter voltage signal line to the counter electrode.

Abstract: Even when a high potential such as of static electricity is applied from the outside of the liquid crystal display panel, the display image is prevented from becoming abnormal. When a black matrix of a resin composition having a large resistivity is used, the positions of the polarizer plates, black matrix, sealing portion and open region of the housing are defined to prevent the light from leaking through the periphery of the effective pixel region. The leakage of backlight that cannot be prevented by the black matrix only is prevented by the polarizer plates and the housing, a transparent electrically conductive film having a sheet resistivity of not larger than 2.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA./.quadrature. is formed over, under, or inside the polarizer plate, and the electrically conductive film is electrically connected to the electrically conductive housing.