Abstract: A switching apparatus having a plurality of ports, includes: switch information storage to store an output port identifier for a combination of an input port identifier, an input virtual path identifier, and a destination address; a detector to detect a first input virtual path identifier and a first destination address assigned to an input packet; a searcher to search the switch information storage for a first output port identifier based on a first input port identifier that identifies a port to which the input packet has been input, the first input virtual path identifier, and the first destination address; and a packet switch to transfer the input packet to a port identified by the first output port identifier.

Abstract: A frame concatenation apparatus includes a storage unit to store a plurality of frames to be transmitted, a generation unit to generate a concatenated frame including the plurality of frames read out from the storage unit and serially concatenated, and including frame length information on each frame attached thereto, and an attachment unit to attach information for establishing synchronization with a receiver of the concatenated frame, to the concatenated frame.

Abstract: A communication system includes a first communication apparatus including one or more first processors that determine a first bandwidth variance for each flow, based on a requested bandwidth variance amount and a surplus bandwidth of a physical line, and a first transmitter that transmits the first bandwidth variance to an adjacent apparatus; and a second communication apparatus including one or more second processors that set the received first bandwidth variance as a requested bandwidth variance amount for the second communication apparatus and determine a second bandwidth variance for each flow from the first bandwidth variance and the surplus bandwidth, and a second transmitter that transmits the second bandwidth variance to an adjacent apparatus.

Abstract: A communication system includes a first communication apparatus including one or more first processors that determine a first bandwidth variance for each flow, based on a requested bandwidth variance amount and a surplus bandwidth of a physical line, and a first transmitter that transmits the first bandwidth variance to an adjacent apparatus; and a second communication apparatus including one or more second processors that set the received first bandwidth variance as a requested bandwidth variance amount for the second communication apparatus and determine a second bandwidth variance for each flow from the first bandwidth variance and the surplus bandwidth, and a second transmitter that transmits the second bandwidth variance to an adjacent apparatus.

Abstract: A switching apparatus having a plurality of ports, includes: switch information storage to store an output port identifier for a combination of an input port identifier, an input virtual path identifier, and a destination address; a detector to detect a first input virtual path identifier and a first destination address assigned to an input packet; a searcher to search the switch information storage for a first output port identifier based on a first input port identifier that identifies a port to which the input packet has been input, the first input virtual path identifier, and the first destination address; and a packet switch to transfer the input packet to a port identified by the first output port identifier.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting terrestrial digital data using a synchronous-optical-network system or a synchronous-digital-hierarchy system includes a synchronous-difference calculating unit that calculates a synchronous difference between a standard signal used in the synchronous-optical-network system or the synchronous-digital-hierarchy system and a first synchronous signal that synchronizes with a leading position included in image data of the terrestrial digital data; and a transmission processing unit that transmits the synchronous difference together with the terrestrial digital data to a destination.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting terrestrial digital data using a synchronous-optical-network system or a synchronous-digital-hierarchy system includes a synchronous-difference calculating unit that calculates a synchronous difference between a standard signal used in the synchronous-optical-network system or the synchronous-digital-hierarchy system and a first synchronous signal that synchronizes with a leading position included in image data of the terrestrial digital data; and a transmission processing unit that transmits the synchronous difference together with the terrestrial digital data to a destination.

Abstract: On a transmission side, phase information divided is sequentially inserted respectively into at least two predetermined bytes within a path overhead for each single frame of a transmission signal so as to compose a multiframe, and the transmission signal is branched into transmission lines of a working system and a protection system to be transmitted.

Abstract: An effortless peeling operation is provided with maintaining the adhesion area required between a display panel and a chassis, which allows a disassembling operation for recycling and a parts replacement operation to be simplified. A plasma display apparatus includes a plurality of double-faced adhesive tapes 50 interposed between and adhering to the back surface of a display panel 1 and a chassis 3 for attaching the chassis 3 to the display panel 1. The double-faced adhesive tape 50 used has an adhesive strength smaller than a peel force produced by strain in a width direction caused by tension in a longitudinal direction, and the tape 50 is pulled in the longitudinal direction for peeling.

Abstract: Transmission system and equipment therefore are disclosed, by which independent network implementation corresponding to individual communication interfaces can be avoided. A network is constituted by a plurality of transmission equipment connected thereto. Each transmission equipment provides an interface which accommodates a plurality of low-speed main signal transmission lines respectively to transmit a main signal to the network according to the preset cross-connection, or to transmit, in the opposite direction, a main signal received from the network to the plurality of low-speed main signal transmission lines. The transmission equipment also provides an interface processor for converting formats corresponding to the main signal interfaces to a format commonly defined within the network.