Abstract: A lead frame includes a plurality of lead portions. At least a part of an upper surface of the lead portion and a sidewall surface of the lead portion is a rough surface having been subjected to roughening treatment. A value of a* in a CIELab color space of the rough surface is within a range from 12 to 19, and a value of b* is within a range from 12 to 17.

Abstract: A vehicle suspension system smoothly changes a vehicle posture with respect to a steering force and a steering angle by minimizing a kinematic roll at an initial turning stage, thereby allowing a driver to obtain the sensation of maneuvering the vehicle well. The suspension system includes a front suspension having geometry satisfying that a caster angle is +3° to +5°, a caster trail is +20 to +30 mm, an intersection point between a kingpin axis and ground is located on an inner side in a vehicle width direction of a center of a tire contact patch, and an anhedral angle of a lower arm is +2.8° to +7.2°. A rear suspension includes five links and has geometry satisfying that a virtual kingpin axis extends near the center of a tire contact patch of a rear wheel assembly and extends vertically at ?2° to 0°.

Abstract: A five-link automobile suspension device is configured to support a lower end of a damper with a lower arm, and is capable of reducing sliding friction while ensuring a road clearance. Embodiments include a lower arm connecting a wheel support and a vehicle body, and a damper that has a lower end connected to the lower arm and is disposed to incline upward toward a vehicle-width-direction inner side in a rear view. A wall surface of the lower arm has a damper mounting portion, which supports a pivot of the damper, at a position lower than a straight line connecting a pivot on a wheel side and a pivot on a vehicle-body side of the lower arm. A bottom surface of the lower arm has a bulge formed at a position under the damper mounting portion.

Abstract: A vehicle suspension system smoothly changes a vehicle posture with respect to a steering force and a steering angle by minimizing a kinematic roll at an initial turning stage, thereby allowing a driver to obtain the sensation of maneuvering the vehicle well. The suspension system includes a front suspension having geometry satisfying that a caster angle is +3° to +5°, a caster trail is +20 to +30 mm, an intersection point between a kingpin axis and ground is located on an inner side in a vehicle width direction of a center of a tire contact patch, and an anhedral angle of a lower arm is +2.8° to +7.2°. Arear suspension includes five links and has geometry satisfying that a virtual kingpin axis extends near the center of a tire contact patch of a rear wheel assembly and extends vertically at ?2° to 0°.

Abstract: The bushing includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and an elastic body therebetween. The outer cylinder has a central recess portion formed in a curved shape. The inner cylinder has a central convex portion being formed in a curved shape. A distance between a vertex of the central recess portion and the vertex of the central convex portion is smaller than a distance between a point other than the vertex of the central recess portion and a point at which a straight line extending from the point other than the vertex of the central recess portion to an intersection point of the perpendicular line and the axis of the inner cylinder intersects the central convex portion.

Abstract: A five-link automobile suspension device is configured to support a lower end of a damper with a lower arm, and is capable of reducing sliding friction while ensuring a road clearance. Embodiments include a lower arm connecting a wheel support and a vehicle body, and a damper that has a lower end connected to the lower arm and is disposed to incline upward toward a vehicle-width-direction inner side in a rear view. A wall surface of the lower arm has a damper mounting portion, which supports a pivot of the damper, at a position lower than a straight line connecting a pivot on a wheel side and a pivot on a vehicle-body side of the lower arm. A bottom surface of the lower arm has a bulge formed at a position under the damper mounting portion.

Abstract: The bushing includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and an elastic body therebetween. The outer cylinder has a central recess portion recessed from the inner peripheral surface in the radial direction at the central portion in the axial direction, and the thickness of both end portions is thicker than the thickness of the central portion. The central recess portion is formed in a curved shape or having a curved and a straight shape. The inner cylinder has a central convex portion swelling from the outer peripheral surface in the radial direction at a position corresponding to the central recess portion. The maximum outer diameter of the central convex portion is larger than the minimum inner diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder.

Abstract: The bushing includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and an elastic body therebetween. The outer cylinder has a central recess portion recessed from the inner peripheral surface in the radial direction at the central portion in the axial direction, and the thickness of both end portions is thicker than the thickness of the central portion. The central recess portion is formed in a curved shape or having a curved and a straight shape. The inner cylinder has a central convex portion swelling from the outer peripheral surface in the radial direction at a position corresponding to the central recess portion. The maximum outer diameter of the central convex portion is larger than the minimum inner diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder.

Abstract: The bushing includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and an elastic body therebetween. The outer cylinder has a central recess portion formed in a curved shape. The inner cylinder has a central convex portion being formed in a curved shape. A distance between a vertex of the central recess portion and the vertex of the central convex portion is smaller than a distance between a point other than the vertex of the central recess portion and a point at which a straight line extending from the point other than the vertex of the central recess portion to an intersection point of the perpendicular line and the axis of the inner cylinder intersects the central convex portion.

Abstract: Suspension arms comprise five arms of a trailing arm, a leading arm, an upper arm, a lower arm, and a control arm. A lower-arm connection portion of a knuckle to the lower arm is positioned in front of a trailing-arm connection portion of the knuckle to the trailing arm as well as a wheel axis. Accordingly, the anti-swing rigidity of a wheel can be increased sufficiently.

Abstract: A rear sub frame comprising a pair of side members, a front cross member, and a rear cross member. The front cross member is configured in substantially a V shape in a front view such that the front cross member slants continuously from both end portions thereof toward a central portion, in a vehicle width direction, thereof which is located below a rear differential, and that a center position, in the vehicle width direction, of a bottom portion of the front cross member which corresponds to an apex portion of the V shape is offset from a center of a vehicle body in the vehicle width direction toward a specified side which matches an offset-arrangement side of a ring gear arranged in the rear differential.

Abstract: A rear sub frame comprising a pair of side members, a front cross member, and a rear cross member. The front cross member is configured in substantially a V shape in a front view such that the front cross member slants continuously from both end portions thereof toward a central portion, in a vehicle width direction, thereof which is located below a rear differential, and that a center position, in the vehicle width direction, of a bottom portion of the front cross member which corresponds to an apex portion of the V shape is offset from a center of a vehicle body in the vehicle width direction toward a specified side which matches an offset-arrangement side of a ring gear arranged in the rear differential.

Abstract: Suspension arms comprise five arms of a trailing arm, a leading arm, an upper arm, a lower arm, and a control arm. A lower-arm connection portion of a knuckle to the lower arm is positioned in front of a trailing-arm connection portion of the knuckle to the trailing arm as well as a wheel axis. Accordingly, the anti-swing rigidity of a wheel can be increased sufficiently.

Abstract: A sub frame attached to a vehicle-body rear portion from below comprises a pair of right-and-left side members and a front cross member which interconnects substantially respective central portions, in a vehicle longitudinal direction, of the side members. As attachment portions for attaching lower links, there are provided a central attachment portion which is provided at an interconnection portion between the side member and the front cross member, a front attachment portion which is provided at the side member at a position located in front of the interconnection portion, and a rear attachment portion which is provided at the side member at a position located in back of the interconnection portion. Thereby, a sub frame structure of an automotive can be superior in the light weight, ensuring the support rigidity of the suspension links.

Abstract: A sub frame attached to a vehicle-body rear portion from below comprises a pair of right-and-left side members and a front cross member which interconnects substantially respective central portions, in a vehicle longitudinal direction, of the side members. As attachment portions for attaching lower links, there are provided a central attachment portion which is provided at an interconnection portion between the side member and the front cross member, a front attachment portion which is provided at the side member at a position located in front of the interconnection portion, and a rear attachment portion which is provided at the side member at a position located in back of the interconnection portion. Thereby, a sub frame structure of an automotive can be superior in the light weight, ensuring the support rigidity of the suspension links.

Abstract: A resin composition for an optical part, which contains (A) a polyarylene sulfide, (B) a modified polyphenylene ether, (C) a non-fibrous filler and (D) a fibrous filler, and which may further contain (E) a non-crystalline resin having a glass transition temperature of 180° C. or higher and/or (F) a coupling agent. The optical axis deviation of optical parts such as an optical pickup, an optical housing, etc., formed by molding this resin composition for an optical part is small, so that they can be used in laser-applied OA machines, and the like.

Abstract: A resin molding for use as optical base molded by means of micro-cellular foam molding, wherein the relative density of the resin molding is within a range of from 0.99 to 0.6. The ratio (f1/f2) of the linear expansion coefficient (f1) of the resin molding in MD direction at any given portion to the linear expansion coefficient (f2) of a non-foamed resin molding in MD direction at the same portion is preferably at least 1.05. The resin molding for use as optical base having the above-mentioned relative density and linear expansion coefficient has reduced dimensional change and deviation of optical axis during use of the same.

Abstract: A resin composition for an optical part contains 30 to 70 vol % of (A) a syndiotactic polystyrene resin component or a resin composition component containing a syndiotactic polystyrene resin and a polyphenylene sulfide resin and (B) 70 to 30 vol % of an inorganic filler component, and an optical part is a molded product thereof and causes little shift in optical axis by a change in temperature.

Abstract: A resin composition which comprises (A) a polyarylene sulfide, (B) an amorphous resin, (C) a non-fibrous inorganic filler and (D) a fibrous inorganic filler, wherein the volume proportion of the sum of the components (A) and (B) to the total of the resin composition is 30 to 70 vol %; the mass ratio of the component (A): the component (B) is 0.65 to 0.95:0.35 to 0.05, and the volume proportion of the component (D) to the total of the resin composition is 3 to 25 vol % and optical parts prepared by forming the resin composition. The resin composition is highly useful as a material for forming an optical part that minimizes deviation of the optical axis of an optical system due to temperature change.

Abstract: Provided is a polyarylene sulfide resin composition comprising (a) from 30 to 75% by mass of a polyarylene sulfide resin and (b) from 25 to 70% by mass of a filler, and containing (c) from 0.08 to 1.0 part by weight, relative to 100 parts by mass of the sum of (a) and (b), of an oxidized polyethylene wax having an acid value of at least 10 mg KOH/g and a dropping point of not higher than 120° C., or (d) from 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight relative to the same of a silicone oil having a viscosity at 25° C. of from 30 to 6,000 mm2/sec. The mold releasability of the moldings of the composition is improved, not interfering with the mechanical and chemical properties intrinsic to polyarylene sulfide resins.