Abstract: An energy storage system includes a lead-acid battery, a battery management unit. The battery management unit defines, based on an open voltage of the lead-acid battery, a first amount of change in a capacity of the lead-acid battery from a reference state, correlating with the open voltage of the lead-acid battery and caused by a first deterioration factor and defines, based on the first amount of change in the capacity and an amount of change in overall internal resistance of the lead-acid battery from the reference state, a second amount of change in a capacity of the lead-acid battery, not correlating with the open voltage and caused by a second deterioration factor. The battery management unit defines, based on the first and second amounts of change in the capacity, at least one of a battery capacity of the lead-acid battery or an amount of change in the battery capacity from the reference state.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a lead-acid battery, a battery management unit. The battery management unit defines, based on an open voltage of the lead-acid battery, a first amount of change in a capacity of the lead-acid battery from a reference state, correlating with the open voltage of the lead-acid battery and caused by a first deterioration factor and defines, based on the first amount of change in the capacity and an amount of change in overall internal resistance of the lead-acid battery from the reference state, a second amount of change in a capacity of the lead-acid battery, not correlating with the open voltage and caused by a second deterioration factor. The battery management unit defines, based on the first and second amounts of change in the capacity, at least one of a battery capacity of the lead-acid battery or an amount of change in the battery capacity from the reference state.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted power supply system according to the present invention is provided with: a main battery; a sub-battery; a voltage regulating unit which regulates the voltage of power supplied from the main battery and the sub-battery; and a state detecting unit which detects the state of the sub-battery.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted power supply system according to the present invention is provided with: a main battery; a sub-battery; a voltage regulating unit which regulates the voltage of power supplied from the main battery and the sub-battery; and a state detecting unit which detects the state of the sub-battery.

Abstract: A secondary battery status estimation device includes a sensor unit configured to detect a terminal voltage of a secondary battery, and an internal resistance calculator configured to calculate a direct current internal resistance of the secondary battery based on the terminal voltage and the charge-discharge current detected by the sensor unit. The internal resistance calculator calculates a direct current internal resistance based on the terminal voltage and the charge-discharge current detected by the sensor unit, in a stable period that is before starting a driving source for driving a vehicle and in which the terminal voltage and the charge-discharge current of the secondary battery fall within a predetermined fluctuation range, and in a high-current output period in which electric power for starting the driving source is output from the secondary battery and the terminal voltage of the secondary battery is brought to substantially minimum.

Abstract: A sensor of a status determination device detects a magnitude of a terminal voltage of an auxiliary battery provided separately from a driving battery and a magnitude of a current flowing through the auxiliary battery. The driving battery is an electrical power source for a driving motor of a vehicle, and the auxiliary battery is an electrical power source for auxiliary equipment and has an output voltage lower than that of the driving battery. An internal resistance calculator calculates an internal resistance of the auxiliary battery based on the magnitude of the terminal voltage and the magnitude of the current detected by the sensor in a stable period that is before the auxiliary equipment is started and in which the magnitude of the terminal voltage and the magnitude of the current fall within predetermined fluctuation ranges, and those detected in a period after starting of the auxiliary equipment is detected.

Abstract: A lead acid battery including: a positive electrode plate including a positive electrode grid and a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode plate including a negative electrode grid and a negative electrode active material; an electrode plate group including the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate; a battery container including a plurality of cell chambers each accommodating the electrode plate group and an electrolyte; and a lid sealing an opening of the battery container. A ratio P/N of mass P of the positive electrode active material to mass N of the negative electrode active material is 1.25 or more and 1.65 or less. The negative electrode grid contains bismuth in an amount of 1 ppm or more and 300 ppm or less.

Abstract: A lead acid battery including: a positive electrode plate including a positive electrode grid and a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode plate including a negative electrode grid and a negative electrode active material; an electrode plate group including the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate; a battery container including a plurality of cell chambers each accommodating the electrode plate group and an electrolyte; and a lid sealing an opening of the battery container. A ratio P/N of mass P of the positive electrode active material to mass N of the negative electrode active material is 1.25 or more and 1.65 or less. The negative electrode grid contains bismuth in an amount of 1 ppm or more and 300 ppm or less.

Abstract: A battery state determining device includes a voltage measuring part, a remaining capacity estimating part, an internal resistance measuring part, a calculating part, and an estimating part. The voltage measuring part measures an open-circuit voltage of a storage battery. Based on the measured open-circuit voltage, the remaining capacity estimating part estimates a remaining capacity of the storage battery. The internal resistance measuring part measures an internal resistance in the storage battery. Based on the measured internal resistance, the calculating part calculates a degradation rate of the internal resistance. Based on the estimated remaining capacity and the calculated degradation rate of the internal resistance, the estimating part performs first estimation on a degradation state of the storage battery.

Abstract: A battery class determination device includes a detector for sensing a terminal voltage and charge/discharge currents of a lead storage battery, an inner resistance calculator for calculating a direct-current inner resistance of the lead storage battery based on the terminal voltage and the charge or discharge current sensed by the detector, and a class determiner. The inner resistance calculator calculates, at a switchover between a discharge control and a charge control over the lead storage battery, a direct-current inner resistance in a first period before the switchover, and a direct-current inner resistance in a second period after the switchover. The class determiner determines a class of the lead storage battery based on the direct-current inner resistance in the first period and the direct-current inner resistance in the second period.

Abstract: The battery class determination device includes a detector for sensing a terminal voltage and charge/discharge currents of a lead storage battery, an inner resistance calculator for calculating a direct-current inner resistance of the lead storage battery based on the terminal voltage and the charge or discharge current sensed by the detector, and a class determiner. The inner resistance calculator calculates, at a switchover between a discharge control and a charge control over the lead storage battery, a direct-current inner resistance in a first period before the switchover, and a direct-current inner resistance in a second period after the switchover. The class determiner determines a class of the lead storage battery based on the direct-current inner resistance in the first period and the direct-current inner resistance in the second.

Abstract: A lead acid storage battery including: positive electrode plates each including a positive electrode grid and a positive electrode active material, and negative electrode plates each including a negative electrode grid and a negative electrode active material. The positive and negative electrode plates are stacked alternately with a separator therebetween to form an electrode plate group. The battery further includes: a battery container having cell chambers each containing the electrode plate group and electrolyte, and a cover sealing an opening of the battery container. The positive electrode active material has a pore distribution having a peak in region A from 0.03 ?m to 0.1 ?m and a peak in region B from 0.2 ?m to 1.0 ?m, and a ratio AM/BM of peak AM in region A to peak BM in region B is 0.34 or more and 0.70 or less. The negative electrode grid contains bismuth in an amount of 1 ppm or more and 300 ppm or less.

Abstract: A sensor of a status determination device detects a magnitude of a terminal voltage of an auxiliary battery provided separately from a driving battery and a magnitude of a current flowing through the auxiliary battery. The driving battery is an electrical power source for a driving motor of a vehicle, and the auxiliary battery is an electrical power source for auxiliary equipment and has an output voltage lower than that of the driving battery. An internal resistance calculator calculates an internal resistance of the auxiliary battery based on the magnitude of the terminal voltage and the magnitude of the current detected by the sensor in a stable period that is before the auxiliary equipment is started and in which the magnitude of the terminal voltage and the magnitude of the current fall within predetermined fluctuation ranges, and those detected in a period after starting of the auxiliary equipment is detected.

Abstract: A lead acid battery including: a positive electrode plate including a positive electrode grid and a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode plate including a negative electrode grid and a negative electrode active material; an electrode plate group including the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate; a battery container including a plurality of cell chambers each accommodating the electrode plate group and an electrolyte; and a lid sealing an opening of the battery container. A ratio P/N of mass P of the positive electrode active material to mass N of the negative electrode active material is 1.25 or more and 1.65 or less. The negative electrode grid contains bismuth in an amount of 1 ppm or more and 300 ppm or less.

Abstract: A secondary battery status estimation device includes a sensor unit configured to detect a terminal voltage of a secondary battery, and an internal resistance calculator configured to calculate a direct current internal resistance of the secondary battery based on the terminal voltage and the charge-discharge current detected by the sensor unit. The internal resistance calculator calculates a direct current internal resistance based on the terminal voltage and the charge-discharge current detected by the sensor unit, in a stable period that is before starting a driving source for driving a vehicle and in which the terminal voltage and the charge-discharge current of the secondary battery fall within a predetermined fluctuation range, and in a high-current output period in which electric power for starting the driving source is output from the secondary battery and the terminal voltage of the secondary battery is brought to substantially minimum.

Abstract: A battery state determining device includes a voltage measuring part, a remaining capacity estimating part, an internal resistance measuring part, a calculating part, and an estimating part. The voltage measuring part measures an open-circuit voltage of a storage battery. Based on the measured open-circuit voltage, the remaining capacity estimating part estimates a remaining capacity of the storage battery. The internal resistance measuring part measures an internal resistance in the storage battery. Based on the measured internal resistance, the calculating part calculates a degradation rate of the internal resistance. Based on the estimated remaining capacity and the calculated degradation rate of the internal resistance, the estimating part performs first estimation on a degradation state of the storage battery.

Abstract: In a lead-acid battery including an electrode plate group housed in a cell chamber 6 with an electrolyte, each positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode grid made of lead or a lead alloy containing no antimony, and a positive electrode active material with which the positive electrode grid is filled. Each negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode grid made of lead or a lead alloy containing no antimony, a surface layer formed on a surface of the negative electrode grid and made of a lead alloy containing antimony, and a negative electrode active material with which the negative electrode grid is filled. A mass ratio MN/MP falls within a range of 0.70 to 1.10, where MP represents the mass of the positive electrode active material per cell chamber, and MN represents the mass of the negative electrode active material per cell chamber.

Abstract: In the storage battery system, from the same temperature and the same voltage as both batteries a decrease per day of an open-circuit voltage of the lead-acid storage battery by a self-discharge is ?V1(V/day) and a decrease per day of an open-circuit voltage of the sub-battery by a self-discharge is ?V2(V/day), and a relation of ?V1??V2 is satisfied. The sub-battery is a nickel hydride storage battery.

Abstract: In a lead-acid batter including an electrode plate group housed in a cell chamber with an electrolyte, each positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode grid made of lead or a lead alloy containing no antimony, and a positive electrode active material with which the positive electrode grid is filled. Each negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode grid made of lead or a lead alloy containing no antimony, a surface layer formed on a surface of the negative electrode grid and made of a lead alloy containing antimony, and a negative electrode active material with which the negative electrode grid is filled. A mass ratio MN/MP falls within a range of 0.70 to 1.10, where MP represents the mass of the positive electrode active material per cell chamber, and MN represents the mass of the negative electrode active material per cell chamber.

Abstract: A lead-acid battery grid used for an electrode of a lead-acid battery, wherein the lead-acid battery grid is made of a Pb alloy containing at least one of Sn or Ca, and includes an upper frame constituting an upper side of the lead-acid battery grid, a lower frame constituting a lower side of the lead-acid battery grid, and a meshed part being present between the upper frame and the lower frame and including intersecting strands, a ratio Wu/W of a mass Wu of an upper half of the meshed part to a total mass W of the meshed part is 62.5% or higher and 67% or lower, and a cover layer containing a larger amount of Sn than the strands is formed on at least part of a surface of the strands, and the cover layer is not formed on a surface of the lower frame.