Abstract: In a fine particle dispersion, a fine particle (P) is dispersed in a mixed organic solvent. The fine particle (P) is formed of one type or not less than two types of a metal, an alloy, and/or a metallic compound, and has a mean particle diameter between 1 nm and 150 nm for primary particles thereof. Further, the fine particle (P) has a surface at least a part thereof coated with a polymer dispersing agent (D).

Abstract: In a fine particle dispersion, a fine particle (P) is dispersed in a mixed organic solvent. The fine particle (P) is formed of one type or not less than two types of a metal, an alloy, and/or a metallic compound, and has a mean particle diameter between 1 nm and 150 nm for primary particles thereof. Further, the fine particle (P) has a surface at least a part thereof coated with a polymer dispersing agent (D).

Abstract: A method for producing a fine particle dispersion includes the steps of reducing a metal ion to form a fine particle dispersion aqueous solution; adding an aggregation accelerator into the fine particle dispersion aqueous solution so that agglomerated or precipitated fine particles are separated to obtain fine particles; and re-dispersing the fine particles into an organic solvent containing an organic solvent having an amide group, a low boiling point organic solvent having a boiling point between 20° C. and 100° C. at a normal pressure, and an organic solvent having a boiling point higher than 100° C. at a normal pressure and containing an alcohol and/or a polyhydric alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fine particle dispersion which is superior in dispersibility and storage stability. Specifically disclosed is a fine particle dispersion in which a fine particle (P) comprised of one type or not less than two types of a metal, an alloy, and/or a metallic compound, having a mean particle diameter of between 1 nm and 150 nm for primary particles thereof, with being coated at least a part of a surface thereof with a polymer dispersing agent (D), is dispersed in a mixed organic solvent. This fine particle dispersion is characterized in that a weight ratio of (D/P) between the polymer dispersing agent (D) coating the surface of the fine particle (P) and the fine particles (P) in the dispersion is between 0.001 and 10, and the mixed organic solvent is one of: (i) a mixed organic solvent which contains an organic solvent (A) as between 50% and 95% by volume having an amide group, and a low boiling point organic solvent (B) as between 5% and 50% by volume having a boiling point of between 20° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a fine particle dispersion such as a dispersion of metal fine particles which is superior in dispersibility and storage stability. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a fine particle dispersion wherein fine particles of a metal or the like, having a mean particle diameter of between 1 nm and 150 nm for primary particles, are dispersed in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A recirculation exhaust gas extracted from the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and flowing through a recirculation passage. A recirculation control valve (6) controls the flow of the recirculation exhaust gas in the recirculation passage. A recirculation pipe (7) forming the recirculation passage has a hot or contact section (7c, 7e) extending near and along an exhaust manifold (1). The recirculation pipe (7) and the exhaust manifold (1) are covered with a heat-insulation cover (10). The drop of the temperature of the recirculation exhaust gas flowing through the recirculation passage is suppressed and the deposition of deposits including carbon in the recirculation control valve (6) is suppressed.

Abstract: In a gasoline direct injection engine, the sloping surface formed on the top of the piston and the opposing roof surface of the cylinder head form mutually different angles with respect to a plane perpendicular to a cylinder axial line so that the intake air caught between the sloping surfaces of the piston and the opposing roof surface is gradually squeezed out of the gap between them, and is prevented from directly flowing into the recess at high speed. As a result, the mixture in the recess is kept at a favorable air/fuel ratio and the engine is enabled to operate in a stratified charge lean burn mode over a wide operating range.

Abstract: An air pollution preventing device for preventing release of blow-gas within a crank chamber to the atmosphere and restraining discharge of polluting substance within burned gas by returning exhaust gas to a combustion chamber is provided. A blow-by gas treatment chamber unit and an exhaust gas return chamber unit are placed one upon another on a suction manifold. The blow-by gas treatment chamber unit has a blow-by gas chamber communicating with a crank chamber through a blow-by gas passage and a blow-by gas passage leading from the blow-by gas chamber to a suction passage. The exhaust gas return chamber unit has an exhaust gas return chamber communicating with an exhaust passage through an exhaust gas return passage and an exhaust gas return passage leading from the exhaust gas return chamber to a suction passage.

Abstract: In a gasoline direct injection engine, the sloping surface formed on the top of the piston and the opposing roof surface of the cylinder head form mutually different angles with respect to a plane perpendicular to a cylinder axial line so that the intake air caught between the sloping surfaces of the piston and the opposing roof surface is gradually squeezed out of the gap between them, and is prevented from directly flowing into the recess at high speed. As a result, the mixture in the recess is kept at a favorable air/fuel ratio and the engine is enabled to operate in a stratified charge lean burn mode over a wide operating range.

Abstract: An air pollution preventing device for preventing release of blow-gas within a crank chamber to the atmosphere and restraining discharge of polluting substance within burned gas by returning exhaust gas to a combustion chamber is provided. A blow-by gas treatment chamber unit and an exhaust gas return chamber unit are placed one upon another on a suction manifold. The blow-by gas treatment chamber unit has a blow-by gas chamber communicating with a crank chamber through a blow-by gas passage and a blow-by gas passage leading from the blow-by gas chamber to a suction passage. The exhaust gas return chamber unit has an exhaust gas return chamber communicating with an exhaust passage through an exhaust gas return passage and an exhaust gas return passage leading from the exhaust gas return chamber to a suction passage.

Abstract: A recirculation exhaust gas extracted from the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and flowing through a recirculation passage. A recirculation control valve (6) controls the flow of the recirculation exhaust gas in the recirculation passage. A recirculation pipe (7) forming the recirculation passage has a hot or contact section (7c, 7e) extending near and along an exhaust manifold (1). The recirculation pipe (7) and the exhaust manifold (1) are covered with a heat-insulation cover (10). The drop of the temperature of the recirculation exhaust gas flowing through the recirculation passage is suppressed and the deposition of deposits including carbon in the recirculation control valve (6) is suppressed.