Abstract: The present invention relates to a surfactant represented by Formula (I): wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group which may have an ether bond; Rh represents an alkyl group; r represents 1 or 0; when r=0, Z1 and Z2 represent (CH2)n1—(X1)p1— and —(X2)q1—, respectively; and when r=1, Z1 and Z2 represent (CH2Y)p2—CH2— and —(CH2Y)q2—, respectively, wherein X1 and X2 may be the same or different and each represents a divalent linking group, p1 represents 0 or 1, q1 represents 0 or 1, n1 represents an integer of 1-10; Y represents O, S or NR, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl; p2 and q2 each represent 0 or 1 but are not 0 at the same time; and M represents a hydrogen atom, alkali metal, ½ alkaline earth metal or ammonium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a surfactant represented by Formula (I): [Formula 1] wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group which may have an ether bond; Rh represents an alkyl group; r represents 1 or 0; when r=0, Z1 and Z2 represent (CH2)n1—(X1)p1— and —(X2)q1—, respectively; and when r=1, Z1 and Z2 represent (CH2Y)p2—CH2— and —(CH2Y)q2—, respectively, wherein X1 and X2 may be the same or different and each represents a divalent linking group, p1 represents 0 or 1, q1 represents 0 or 1, n1 represents an integer of 1-10; Y represents O, S or NR, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl; p2 and q2 each represent 0 or 1 but are not 0 at the same time; and M represents a hydrogen atom, alkali metal, ½ alkaline earth metal or ammonium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a surfactant represented by Formula (I): wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group which may have an ether bond; Rh represents an alkyl group; r represents 1 or 0; when r=0, Z1 and Z2 represent (CH2)n1—(X1)p1— and —(X2)q1—, respectively; and when r=1, Z1 and Z2 represent (CH2Y)p2—CH2— and —(CH2Y)q2—, respectively, wherein X1 and X2 may be the same or different and each represents a divalent linking group, p1 represents 0 or 1, q1 represents 0 or 1, n1 represents an integer of 1-10; Y represents O, S or NR, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl; p2 and q2 each represent 0 or 1 but are not 0 at the same time; and M represents a hydrogen atom, alkali metal, ½ alkaline earth metal or ammonium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a surfactant represented by Formula (I): [Formula 1] wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group which may have an ether bond; Rh represents an alkyl group; r represents 1 or 0; when r=0, Z1 and Z2 represent (CH2)n1—(X1)p1— and —(X2)q1—, respectively; and when r=1, Z1 and Z2 represent (CH2Y)p2—CH2— and —(CH2Y)q2—, respectively, wherein X1 and X2 may be the same or different and each represents a divalent linking group, p1 represents 0 or 1, q1 represents 0 or 1, n1 represents an integer of 1-10; Y represents O, S or NR, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl; p2 and q2 each represent 0 or 1 but are not 0 at the same time; and M represents a hydrogen atom, alkali metal, ½ alkaline earth metal or ammonium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for conducting electroplating in the presence of CO2 and a metal salt-containing aqueous solution, wherein the CO2 is in the form of liquid, subcritical or supercritical, the method being characterized in that a nonionic compound having a CO2-affinitive moiety is further added to the system where the aqueous solution and CO2 coexist. The method of the present invention improves the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction process and enables formation of an excellent metal film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering a surfactant from a water-carbon dioxide system comprising at least one type of surfactant, water and carbon dioxide, the method comprising the step of bringing the water-carbon dioxide system into contact with a dehydrating agent to remove water. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of installing a device for selectively removing a removal target in a circulation line in which circulated is a mixed system comprising carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide-compatible surfactant and/or a cosolvent, and a removal target; circulating the mixed system; and selectively removing the removal target that has been incorporated into the surfactant and/or cosolvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering a surfactant from a water-carbon dioxide system comprising at least one type of surfactant, water and carbon dioxide, the method comprising the step of bringing the water-carbon dioxide system into contact with a dehydrating agent to remove water. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of installing a device for selectively removing a removal target in a circulation line in which circulated is a mixed system comprising carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide-compatible surfactant and/or a cosolvent, and a removal target; circulating the mixed system; and selectively removing the removal target that has been incorporated into the surfactant and/or cosolvent.

Abstract: A high frequency signal switching unit includes a printed circuit board accommodated in the casing and having a ground layer formed on substantially one entire surface thereof. Input and output terminals are mounted on the casing, and a high frequency relay is mounted on the printed circuit board for switching between the input terminal and the output terminal. The high frequency relay has a plurality of relay contact terminals and a grounding terminal. A plurality of coaxial cables having respective internal and external conductors connect the input and output terminals to the relay contact terminals. The grounding terminal of the high frequency relay and the external conductors of the coaxial cables are connected to the ground layer of the printed circuit board, while each of the internal conductors of the coaxial cables is connected to one of the relay contact terminals of the high frequency relay.

Abstract: A high frequency signal switching unit includes a printed circuit board accommodated in the casing and having a ground layer formed on substantially one entire surface thereof. Input and output terminals are mounted on the casing, and a high frequency relay is mounted on the printed circuit board for switching between the input terminal and the output terminal. The high frequency relay has a plurality of relay contact terminals and a grounding terminal. A plurality of coaxial cables having respective internal and external conductors connect the input and output terminals to the relay contact terminals. The grounding terminal of the high frequency relay and the external conductors of the coaxial cables are connected to the ground layer of the printed circuit board, while each of the internal conductors of the coaxial cables is connected to one of the relay contact terminals of the high frequency relay.

Abstract: A high frequency signal switching unit includes a printed circuit board accommodated in the casing and having a ground layer formed on substantially one entire surface thereof. Input and output terminals are mounted on the casing, and a high frequency relay is mounted on the printed circuit board for switching between the input terminal and the output terminal. The high frequency relay has a plurality of relay contact terminals and a grounding terminal. A plurality of coaxial cables having respective internal and external conductors connect the input and output terminals to the relay contact terminals. The grounding terminal of the high frequency relay and the external conductors of the coaxial cables are connected to the ground layer of the printed circuit board, while each of the internal conductors of the coaxial cables is connected to one of the relay contact terminals of the high frequency relay.