Abstract: A scanning line, signal line, first current supply line, and second current supply line are formed on a glass substrate. A first electrode is formed thereon; and, an organic layer, including a hole transport layer, light-emitting layer, electron transport layer, and electron injection layer is formed on the first electrode. A second electrode is formed as a cathode on the electron injection layer. The first electrode, serving as an anode, is connected to a plus terminal of a power source through driving devices and first current supply line, whereas the second electrode is connected to a minus terminal of the power source and is connected to the second current supply line in the display region of each pixel, with a contact hole serving as a feeding point, whereby the wiring resistance of the second electrode is reduced, and variations in the brightness of the panel is reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes: one of a pair of substrates being transparent and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; the one substrate including a plurality of scanning wirings, a plurality of signal wirings, a plurality of thin film semiconductor devices formed on intersections of the scanning wirings and the signal wirings, and a display electrode; and the other substrate including an opposed electrode.

Abstract: To prevent an n-channel thin-film transistor from being deteriorated by hot holes generated in a gate-negative pulse mode. A thin polysilicon film 10 is provided with a p-type semiconductor region 13 in contact with a channel region 14. The p-type semiconductor region 13 is electrically connected to nowhere except the channel region 14. Holes induced on the surface due to a gate-negative pulse are further supplied from the p-type semiconductor region 13. An electric field established by the gate-negative pulse is relaxed by the holes, fewer hot holes are injected into the gate oxide film, and the TFT characteristics are less deteriorated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes semiconductor elements placed at intersection points between scanning wires and signal wires. Each semiconductor element includes: a semiconductor layer having a channel region and a pair of semiconductor regions which sandwich the channel region and which are each made of a high-resistance region and a low-resistance region; a first electrode formed on the intrinsic semiconductor region with an insulating film interposed therebetween; and second and third electrodes connected to the low-resistance regions. Each scanning wire constitutes the first electrode of the corresponding one of the semiconductor elements. The first electrode has a first wiring formed on the insulating film and second wiring formed in direct contact with a side surface of the first wiring, part of the second wiring being overlaid on part of a high-resistance region with the insulating film interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes semiconductor elements placed at intersection points between scanning wires and signal wires. Each semiconductor element includes: a semiconductor layer having a channel region and a pair of semiconductor regions which sandwich the channel region and which are each made of a high-resistance region and a low-resistance region; a first electrode formed on the intrinsic semiconductor region with an insulating film interposed therebetween; and second and third electrodes connected to the low-resistance regions. Each scanning wire constitutes the first electrode of the corresponding one of the semiconductor elements. The first electrode has a first wiring formed on the insulating film and second wiring formed in direct contact with a side surface of the first wiring, part of the second wiring being overlaid on part of a high-resistance region with the insulating film interposed therebetween.

Abstract: To prevent an n-channel thin-film transistor from being deteriorated by hot holes generated in a gate-negative pulse mode. A thin polysilicon film 10 is provided with a p-type semiconductor region 13 in contact with a channel region 14. The p-type semiconductor region 13 is electrically connected to nowhere except the channel region 14. Holes induced on the surface due to a gate-negative pulse are further supplied from the p-type semiconductor region 13. An electric field established by the gate-negative pulse is relaxed by the holes, fewer hot holes are injected into the gate oxide film, and the TFT characteristics are less deteriorated.

Abstract: The recording electrodes and the control electrodes of an ink jet recording head are alternately arranged on a substrate. Ink in which coloring material is distributed in a solvent is supplied to the recording electrode so that the ink can flow in the direction of the length of the recording electrode. An ink circulation part is provided for collecting surplus ink from the point of the recording electrode from which ink is discharged. As a result, an ink jet recorder, which can produce a high definition image without shifting the ink impact position on the recording medium, can be produced.

Abstract: A scanning line, a signal line, a first current supply line, and a second current supply line are formed on a glass substrate, a first electrode is formed on the wiring layer comprising the above members, an organic layer comprising a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer is formed on the first electrode, a second electrode is formed as cathode on the electron injection layer, the first electrode as anode is connected to a plus terminal of a power source through the driving devices and the first current supply line, whereas the second electrode as cathode is connected to a minus terminal of the power source, and is connected to the second current supply line in the display region of each pixel, with a contact hole serving as a feeding point, whereby wiring resistance due to the second electrode is reduced, and variations in the brightness of a panel is reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes semiconductor elements placed at intersection points between scanning wires and signal wires. Each semiconductor element includes: a semiconductor layer having a channel region and a pair of semiconductor regions which sandwich the channel region and which are each made of a high-resistance region and a low-resistance region; a first electrode formed on the intrinsic semiconductor region with an insulating film interposed therebetween; and second and third electrodes connected to the low-resistance regions. Each scanning wire constitutes the first electrode of the corresponding one of the semiconductor elements. The first electrode has a first wiring formed on the insulating film and second wiring formed in direct contact with a side surface of the first wiring, part of the second wiring being overlaid on part of a high-resistance region with the insulating film interposed therebetween.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head has a plurality of ink-discharge electrodes and control electrodes and an opposed electrode arranged at a fixed spacing and grounded. A pulse voltage with a reversed polarity is applied to the control electrodes in synchronization with the superimposition of the pulse voltage on a bias voltage applied to the ink-discharge electrode when the ink is discharged. As a result, an ink jet recording apparatus, which can decrease the pulse voltage needed to discharge the ink, is provided with a simple configuration.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus capable of obtaining a highly precise image for stabilizing an amount of ink to be flied onto a recording medium by supplying and recovering the ink, in an ink discharge unit within the recording head, due to a difference in height of positions where two ink chambers within the ink discharge unit are arranged.

Abstract: To prevent an n-channel thin-film transistor from being deteriorated by hot holes generated in a gate-negative pulse mode, a thin polysilicon film 10 is provided with a p-type semiconductor region 13 in contact with a channel region 14. The p-type semiconductor region 13 is electrically connected to nowhere except the channel region 14. Holes induced on the surface due to a gate-negative pulse are further supplied from the p-type semiconductor region 13. An electric field established by the gate-negative pulse is relaxed by the holes, fewer hot holes are injected into the gate oxide film, and the TFT characteristics are less deteriorated.

Abstract: An improved liquid crystal display apparatus for low power consumption is provided, within each of the regions surrounded by a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of signal electrodes, with a display data holding circuit connected to the corresponding scanning electrodes and signal electrodes, for fetching and storing a display data from the signal electrode in response to a scanning signal; a switching device connected to the display data holding circuit, its switching operation being controlled by the holding circuit; and a display electrode connected to the switching device.

Abstract: A color electrophotographic printer having a printing process which records a toner image of one color or two colors in a pixel by one exposure. The color electrophotographic printer includes a memory which stores exposure data corresponding to respective pixels of input data of an image, a photosensitive body and at least one charger which charges the photosensitive body. At least one exposing machine exposes respective pixels on the photosensitive body based on the exposure data and a developing machine develops toner of one color or two colors in the exposed respective pixels and forms a toner image. A transfer machine transfers the toner image onto a printing medium and a fixing machine having a belt which fixes the transferred toner image on the printing medium. The belt is controlled so that a relative speed difference occurs between the printing medium and the belt at a position along the belt at least when the developed toner of two colors in one pixel of an image of the printing medium is fixed.

Abstract: A light emitter array diagnostic apparatus for diagnosing whether individual light emitter elements in a light emitter array unit normally emit light or not includes a check data generator which supplied check data so as to cause sequential simultaneous emission of light from at least one light emitter element in each of a plurality of groups of the light emitter array unit divided into such groups, until all of the light emitter elements emit light. The light outputs from the individual light emitter elements are received and photoelectrically converted by photo detector units, and a diagnostic unit connected to the photo detector units and including an adder and/or a comparator diagnoses the state of luminescence of the individual light emitter elements.