Abstract: An RNA methyltransferase inhibitor comprising sulfonamide-based compounds and/or pyrazoline-based compounds is provided

Abstract: Provided is an insulin secretion-promoting agent comprising, as an active ingredient, a triglyceride represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 each denotes a saturated fatty acid residue, at least one of which is a pentadecanoic acid residue. An insulin secretion-promoting action of the pentadecanoic acid triglyceride at the time of elevated blood glucose level is discovered, and pharmaceuticals and health foods for improving blood glucose level and diabetes are provided using this triglyceride.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a modification present in RNA using a small amount of RNA sample. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a modification present in tRNA, for example, thiomethylation. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the thiomethylation of tRNA, thereby diagnosing human type 2 diabetes or the risk thereof. The present invention is characterized in that, with respect to a modification present in RNA in an RNA sample, cDNA is produced by reverse transcription of RNA using a first primer, and the resulting amount of cDNA is compared with the amount of cDNA produced by reverse transcription of RNA using a second primer, thereby detecting a modification (e.g., thiomethylation) present in RNA.

Abstract: An exemplary method can be provided for detecting a modified nucleoside of mitochondrial transition RNA (mt-tRNA). Another exemplary method can be provided for detecting a modified nucleoside in mt-tRNA, which can use tandem mass analysis. For exemplary, it is possible to detect a modified nucleoside (for example, 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (?m5s2U), 5-taurinomethyluridine (?m5U), 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyl adenosine (ms2i6A)) in a body fluid sample such as urine or a sample of cell culture supernatant.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel therapeutic agent for a patient with type 2 diabetes, a cause of which is the abnormal synthesis of insulin attributed to the abnormal modification of tRNALys (UUU) in pancreatic ? cells having Cdkal1 gene mutation. The present inventors have used (1) a screening system using E. coli in which correct translation into luciferase requires frameshift resulting from mistranslation during protein translation, (2) a screening system using the pancreatic islet of Langerhans isolated from a pancreatic ? cell-specific Cdkal1-deficient mouse, and (3) a screening system using a pancreatic ? cell-specific Cdkal1-deficient mouse, and found that a compound represented by any of the following formulas (I) to (III) can serve as a therapeutic agent for a patient with type 2 diabetes with Cdkal1 gene mutation resulting in the reduced ability to secrete insulin.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a modification present in RNA using a small amount of RNA sample. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a modification present in tRNA, for example, thiomethylation. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the thiomethylation of tRNA, thereby diagnosing human type 2 diabetes or the risk thereof. The present invention is characterized in that, with respect to a modification present in RNA in an RNA sample, cDNA is produced by reverse transcription of RNA using a first primer, and the resulting amount of cDNA is compared with the amount of cDNA produced by reverse transcription of RNA using a second primer, thereby detecting a modification (e.g., thiomethylation) present in RNA.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-human mammalian animal model for type 2 diabetes, which spontaneously develops a pathological condition similar to human type 2 diabetes of a non-obese type seen in some Japanese people. The non-human mammalian animal model for type 2 diabetes according to the present invention is deficient in a Cdkal1 gene function on the chromosome of the ? cell of the pancreas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-human mammalian animal model for type 2 diabetes, which spontaneously develops a pathological condition similar to human type 2 diabetes of a non-obese type popular for the Japanese people. The non-human mammalian animal model for type 2 diabetes according to the present invention is deficient in a function of Cdkal1 gene on the chromosome of the ? cell of the pancreas.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a suppressant for neuronal cell death effective for various diseases which inhibits a constitutive active forming of calcineurin and has less side effect. An inhibitor of constitutive active forming of calcineurin, more specifically a drug which inhibits cleavage of calcineurin subunit A (CaNA) by calpain. Examples thereof include peptides having the amino acid sequence of FDGATAAARKEVIRNK (SEQ No. 1) and REESESVLTLKGLTPTG (SEQ No. 2).

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a suppressant for neuronal cell death effective for various diseases which inhibits a constitutive active forming of calcineurin and has less side effect. An inhibitor of constitutive active forming of calcineurin, more specifically a drug which inhibits cleavage of calcineurin subunit A (CaNA) by calpain. Examples thereof include peptides having the amino acid sequence of FDGATAAARKEVIRNK (SEQ No. 1) and REESESVLTLKGLTPTG (SEQ No. 2).