Abstract: A fluoropolymer of a monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I), wherein a content of a polymerization unit (I) derived from the monomer (I) is 50% by mass or more based on all polymerization units constituting the fluoropolymer: CX2?CX—O—Rf—SO3M??General formula (I) wherein X is independently F or CF3; Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 2 to 100 carbon atoms and having an ether bond or a keto group; and M is —H, a metal atom, —NR74, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent, wherein R7 is H or an organic group. Also disclosed are an aqueous solution and coating composition containing the fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus to remotely control a patient-side system including medical equipment and an endoscope to capture an image of a surgery site according to an embodiment includes: an operation handle with which an operator controls the medical equipment; and an operation pedal section. The operation pedal section includes: plural pedals configured to be pressed down to execute functions concerning the medial equipment; and a base on which the plural pedals are arranged, the plural pedals being arranged at locations not overlapping each other in a planar view. The plural pedals include first height pedals with upper ends thereof located at a first height position and second height pedals with upper ends thereof located at a second height position, which is different from the first height position. The first height pedals are arranged alternately with the second height pedals.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus to remotely control a patient-side system including medical equipment and an endoscope to capture an image of a surgery site according to an embodiment includes: an operation handle with which an operator controls the medical equipment; and an operation pedal section. The operation pedal section includes: plural pedals configured to be pressed down to execute functions concerning the medial equipment; and a base on which the plural pedals are arranged, the plural pedals being arranged at locations not overlapping each other in a planar view. The plural pedals include first height pedals with upper ends thereof located at a first height position and second height pedals with upper ends thereof located at a second height position, which is different from the first height position. The first height pedals are arranged alternately with the second height pedals.

Abstract: In a metal fiber molded body (40), a ratio, to a presence ratio of metal fibers in a first cross-section, of a presence ratio of metal fibers in a second cross-section orthogonal to the first cross-section is in a range of 0.85 to 1.15. A method for manufacturing the metal fiber molded body (40) according to the present invention includes the steps of: accumulating a plurality of short metal fibers (30) on a receiving part; and sintering the plurality of short metal fibers (30) accumulated on the receiving part, to produce the metal fiber molded body (40).

Abstract: A surgical system according to one or more embodiments may include: manipulators respectively supporting an endoscope and first and second surgical instruments; a remote control apparatus including a display device, a first operation handle for right hand to operate the first surgical instrument, and a second operation handle for left hand to operate the second surgical instrument; and a control apparatus. The control apparatus may display, on the display device, a graphical user interface, overlapped with the image captured by the endoscope, the graphical user interface including a first area that displays information on the first surgical instrument to be operated by the first operation handle, a second area that displays information on the second surgical instrument to be operated by the second operation handle, and a third area that displays information on the endoscope, which are arranged side by side in order from right to left.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus according to one or more embodiments may include a display, an operation handle, an armrest, and a supporting mechanism. The supporting mechanism includes a supporting section that supports the display, the operation handle, and the armrest and a driver configured to move the supporting section in an up-and-down direction. The supporting mechanism is configured, upon transitioning between a first mode and a second mode, to move the supporting section by the driver in the up-and-down direction to move the display, the operation handle, and the armrest in an integrated manner in the up-and-down direction.

Abstract: A surgical system according to one or more embodiments may include: manipulators respectively supporting an endoscope and first and second surgical instruments; a remote control apparatus including a display device, a first operation handle for right hand to operate the first surgical instrument, and a second operation handle for left hand to operate the second surgical instrument; and a control apparatus. The control apparatus may display, on the display device, a graphical user interface, overlapped with the image captured by the endoscope, the graphical user interface including a first area that displays information on the first surgical instrument to be operated by the first operation handle, a second area that displays information on the second surgical instrument to be operated by the second operation handle, and a third area that displays information on the endoscope, which are arranged side by side in order from right to left.

Abstract: A compact medical treatment tool having an end portion, used for surgery, and a surgical system having such a medical treatment tool are provided. A medical treatment tool includes an end effector, a wrist member, a shaft, a first pulley, and a second pulley. A first pulley portion included in the end effector is rotatably mounted on the wrist member via a first connection, and is located closer to a first end of the first connection. The first pulley is mounted on the wrist member. A rotational axis of the first pulley intersects with a plane defined by a shaft axis and a first axis that is defined by the first connection. The rotational axis of the first pulley is located closer to a second end of the first connection, opposite to the first end of the first connection, than a groove of the first pulley portion.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus according to one or more embodiments includes a manipulator that supports surgical equipment; a display configured to display an image captured by an endoscopy; a display supporting arm that includes a joint and a locking mechanism and supports the display, the locking mechanism is configured to lock the joint; an operation handle that allows an operator to operate the manipulator; and an unlocking mechanism configured, in response to an operation by the operator, to unlock the locked joint of the display supporting arm.

Abstract: A surgical system according to an embodiment may include: first, second, third, and fourth manipulator respectively supporting first, second, third surgical instruments and an endoscope; a remote control apparatus including a display device and first and second operation handles for right and left hands to operate the first and second surgical instruments; and a control apparatus that controls the display device. The control apparatus may display a graphical user interface overlapped with an image captured by the endoscope on the display device. The graphical user interface may include first, second, and third areas respectively indicating information on the first, third, and second surgical instruments, and a surgical instrument position display area indicating positional relationships of the first, second, third surgical instruments with respect to a field of view of the endoscope, at a position different from the first to third areas.

Abstract: Disclosed are a compact activation member for operating a medical treatment tool, an activation mechanism having the activation member, and a method for fabricating the activation mechanism. An activation member is directed to an activation member which is provided in a housing as to be rotatable about a rotational axis and around which an elongate element for operating a treatment tool is wound. The activation member includes: a plurality of rotation members which rotate about the rotational axis; and a pressing member which engages with at least one of the plurality of rotation members. Each of the plurality of rotation members includes a surface provided with ridges and grooves. The plurality of rotation members are attached to a base of the housing by being pressed by the pressing member in an extending direction of the rotational axis, with the surfaces of the plurality of rotation members engaged with each other.

Abstract: A combustor includes a distal end portion which forms a nozzle extending along an axis and opening at a distal end; an intermediate portion having a mixing surface which defines a mixing space in which air and fuel are mixed, by gradually expanding to an outer side in a radial direction of the axis from the nozzle to a rear, behind the distal end portion; a proximal end portion which forms a fuel space to which fuel is supplied from outside, behind the intermediate portion; and a plurality of air introduction pipes which penetrate the proximal end portion in a direction of the axis, have a distal end communicating with the mixing space, are arranged in a circumferential direction of the axis to surround the axis, and have a fuel supply hole formed on an inner side in a radial direction of the axis to communicate with the fuel space.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus according to one or more embodiments includes a manipulator that supports surgical equipment; a display configured to display an image captured by an endoscopy; a display supporting arm that includes a joint and a locking mechanism and supports the display, the locking mechanism is configured to lock the joint; an operation handle that allows an operator to operate the manipulator; and an unlocking mechanism configured, in response to an operation by the operator, to unlock the locked joint of the display supporting arm.

Abstract: A surgical system according to one or more embodiments may include: manipulators respectively supporting an endoscope and first and second surgical instruments; a remote control apparatus including a display device, a first operation handle for right hand to operate the first surgical instrument, and a second operation handle for left hand to operate the second surgical instrument; and a control apparatus. The control apparatus may display, on the display device, a graphical user interface, overlapped with the image captured by the endoscope, the graphical user interface including a first area that displays information on the first surgical instrument to be operated by the first operation handle, a second area that displays information on the second surgical instrument to be operated by the second operation handle, and a third area that displays information on the endoscope, which are arranged side by side in order from right to left.

Abstract: A compact medical treatment tool having an end portion, used for surgery, and a surgical system having such a medical treatment tool are provided. A medical treatment tool includes an end effector, a wrist member, a shaft, a first pulley, and a second pulley. A first pulley portion included in the end effector is rotatably mounted on the wrist member via a first connection, and is located closer to a first end of the first connection. The first pulley is mounted on the wrist member. A rotational axis of the first pulley intersects with a plane defined by a shaft axis and a first axis that is defined by the first connection. The rotational axis of the first pulley is located closer to a second end of the first connection, opposite to the first end of the first connection, than a groove of the first pulley portion.

Abstract: A compact medical treatment tool having an end portion, used for surgery, and a surgical system having such a medical treatment tool are provided. A medical treatment tool includes an end effector, a wrist member, a shaft, a first pulley, and a second pulley. A first pulley portion included in the end effector is rotatably mounted on the wrist member via a first connection, and is located closer to a first end of the first connection. The first pulley is mounted on the wrist member. A rotational axis of the first pulley intersects with a plane defined by a shaft axis and a first axis that is defined by the first connection. The rotational axis of the first pulley is located closer to a second end of the first connection, opposite to the first end of the first connection, than a groove of the first pulley portion.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus according to one or more embodiments includes a manipulator that supports surgical equipment; a display configured to display an image captured by an endoscopy; a display supporting arm that includes a joint and a locking mechanism and supports the display, the locking mechanism is configured to lock the joint; an operation handle that allows an operator to operate the manipulator; and an unlocking mechanism configured, in response to an operation by the operator, to unlock the locked joint of the display supporting arm.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus according to an embodiment may be a master operation input device for operating a slave manipulator which detachably holds a surgical instrument. The master operation input device may include a support mechanism, an arm portion including a plurality of joints and supported by the support mechanism and an operating handle arranged at a distal end of the arm portion. The operating handle includes a master operation main body arranged at the distal end of the arm portion, a first operating portion and a second operating portion which are supported on the master operation main body so as to be capable of pivoting with respect to the master operation main body to enable opening and closing operations, and a grip configured to be attachable and detachable to and from a distal end of the master operation main body.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus according to one or more embodiments may include a display, an operation handle, an armrest, and a supporting mechanism. The supporting mechanism includes a supporting section that supports the display, the operation handle, and the armrest and a driver configured to move the supporting section in an up-and-down direction. The supporting mechanism is configured, upon transitioning between a first mode and a second mode, to move the supporting section by the driver in the up-and-down direction to move the display, the operation handle, and the armrest in an integrated manner in the up-and-down direction.

Abstract: A surgical system according to one or more embodiments may include: manipulators respectively supporting an endoscope and surgical instruments; a remote control apparatus including a display device to display an image captured by the endoscope, operation handles to operate the surgical instruments respectively, and foot pedals; and a control apparatus. The foot pedals include first and second foot pedals for the surgical instruments, and a third foot pedal for the endoscope. The control apparatus displays a graphical user interface, overlapped with the image captured by the endoscope, on the display device, the graphical user interface including first to third areas to display information on the surgical instruments and the endoscope. The control apparatus changes, when a foot of an operator is detected at an operation preparation position of one of the foot pedals, a display form of corresponding one of the first to third areas.