Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device includes a first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching an electro-optical substance. The substrates are provided with a sealing material disposed between the substrates, for bonding the substrates to each other at a sealing region disposed along the peripheries of the substrates. The first substrate is provided thereon with pixel electrodes, wires extending from the inside of an image display region to the outside of the sealing region, and a vertically conducting pad disposed in the sealing region. The second substrate is provided thereon with an opposing electrode opposing the pixel electrodes and having a vertical conductor section opposing the vertically conducting pad. The sealing material includes an electrically conductive material at least in a portion of the sealing material disposed between the vertically conducting pad and the vertical conductor section, whereby the sealing material functions as a vertical conductor.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device includes a first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching an electro-optical substance. The substrates are provided with a sealing material disposed between the substrates, for bonding the substrates to each other at a sealing region disposed along the peripheries of the substrates. The first substrate is provided thereon with pixel electrodes, wires extending from the inside of an image display region to the outside of the sealing region, and a vertically conducting pad disposed in the sealing region. The second substrate is provided thereon with an opposing electrode opposing the pixel electrodes and having a vertical conductor section opposing the vertically conducting pad. The sealing material includes an electrically conductive material at least in a portion of the sealing material disposed between the vertically conducting pad and the vertical conductor section, whereby the sealing material functions as a vertical conductor.

Abstract: An exercise machine includes: a frame resting on an underlying surface; a seat mounted to the frame and configured to receive a seated user; a pair of support pads mounted to the frame forwardly of and above the seat, each of the support pads positioned to engage one of the upper arms and the elbows of the seated user; a pair of movement arm units pivotally interconnected with the frame and movable about respective generally horizontal axes of rotation; and a resistance system connected with the movement arm units. Each of the pair of movement arm units is configured to engage the forearms and/or the hands of the user and is movable between an extended position, in which the seated user's arms are substantially straight, and a curled position, in which the user's arms are bent. The axes of rotation form an angle of between about 115 and 155 degrees.

Abstract: Substantially rectangular cut portions (11b) are formed at four substantially rectangular bent portions of a seal material (11) between an element substrate (10) and an opposing substrate (20), by removing the corners at the outer sides of the bent portions. Vertical electrically conducting members (13) are formed at the substantially triangular cut portion areas in order to allow electrical conduction between a signal input pad (18) on the element substrate and a transparent electrode (22) on the opposing substrate. The vertical electrically conducting members are virtually uniformly disposed along the outer periphery of the seal material.

Abstract: Substantially rectangular cut portions (11b) are formed at four substantially rectangular bent portions of a seal material (11) between an element substrate (10) and an opposing substrate (20), by removing the corners at the outer sides of the bent portions. Vertical electrically conducting members (13) are formed at the substantially triangular cut portion areas in order to allow electrical conduction between a signal input pad (18) on the element substrate and a transparent electrode (22) on the opposing substrate. The vertical electrically conducting members are virtually uniformly disposed along the outer periphery of the seal material.