Abstract: An object of the invention is to achieve sufficient atomization, while preventing a spray from spreading. A fuel injection valve includes a plurality of swirl fuel injection passages. Each of the swirl fuel injection passages includes a swirl chamber, a swirl chamber introduction passage, and an orifice and imparts a swirling force to fuel to thereby inject the fuel outside. A rectangular coordinate system is imagined on an imaginary plane. The rectangular coordinate system has a center of an inlet opening surface of the orifice as an origin and has an X-axis extending in parallel with a centerline of the swirl chamber introduction passage and being positive in a direction from an upstream side toward a downstream side of the swirl chamber introduction passage and a Y-axis extending perpendicularly to the X-axis and being positive in a direction away from the centerline.

Abstract: It is prevented that residual fuel left in the vicinity of an injection nozzle outlet is carbonized to cause adherence of the carbonized fuel as deposit and changing of a spray pattern or an injection flow rate. A fuel injection valve includes a seat portion on which a valve body is seated and a seat portion in which an injection hole for injecting fuel downstream from the seat portion is formed, in which a concave surface denting in a direction opposite to a fuel injecting direction is formed on an outer peripheral side away from the injection hole at an end face located downstream of the seat member, and the concave surface is formed such that a material surface in an outer peripheral region has a larger wettability for the fuel than in an inner peripheral region.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a light-modulating member which restrains incidence of sunlight into a room in summer and does not restrain incidence of sunlight into a room in winter, and is also easily used as a member for window. The present invention relates to a light-modulating member produced by arranging one or a plurality of shaped resin sheets having projections on one surface, wherein the projection has a height of 1 ?m or more and 1 cm or less and a pitch interval of 10 ?m or more and 10 cm or less.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection device in which variations in an injection flow rate for each injection is suppressed and an injection amount is stabilized. The fuel injection device according to the present invention includes: a valve element that is seated on or unseated from a valve seat; a plurality of guide parts (302a, 302b, 302c) that slidably guide the valve element; and flow paths (306a, 306b, 306c) sandwiched between the guide parts in a circumferential direction. In the fuel injection device, one guide part (302a) among the plurality of guide parts is formed to have a longer circumferential length than that of other guide parts (302b, 302c).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel injection valve that can increase the collision force of the fuel with respect to the injection hole inner wall surface and which can realize a sufficient atomization. In an imaginary plane orthogonal to a center axis line direction of a valve body, a plurality of injection holes through and through constituting a first injection hole set are formed such that an injection hole center axis extending from an injection hole inlet surface toward an injection hole outlet surface is formed to extend in a direction different from that of a straight line connecting the origin of an imaginary orthogonal coordinate system formed by an imaginary X-axis and an imaginary Y-axis and the center of an injection hole inlet surface and that the center of an injection hole outlet surface is situated close to the imaginary X-axis with respect to the center of the injection hole inlet surface.

Abstract: In an aspect of the present invention, a gasochromic dimming mechanism is provided which includes a gasochromic dimming component provided with a pair of transparent substrates, the transparent substrates being arranged to face each other, and a dimming part formed on one or both facing surfaces of the pair of the transparent substrates, wherein an optical property of the dimming part is reversibly changed by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation; and a hydrogen-air mixture gas supply unit that supplies a hydrogen-air mixture gas between the pair of the transparent substrates. The hydrogen-air mixture gas supply unit includes an electrolysis cell including a mixer for mixing hydrogen and air, a polymer electrolyte membrane, a porous electrode formed in the polymer electrolyte membrane as an anode, and an air supply unit that supplies the air to the mixer, the porous electrode being arranged on a flow channel of the air.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel injector that is capable of reducing penetration. The fuel injector of the present invention includes a valve body having a valve body side seat surface, a valve seat side seat surface that abuts on the valve body side seat surface, and an injection hole that is provided downstream of a position at which the valve body side seat surface abuts on the valve seat side seat surface. The valve body has a projection that is formed from the valve body side seat surface toward the injection hole, and the projection is formed to be smaller in a direction of fuel flow between seats than a radius of an upstream opening surface of the injection hole.

Abstract: In an aspect of the present invention, a gasochromic dimming mechanism is provided which includes a gasochromic dimming component provided with a pair of transparent substrates, the transparent substrates being arranged to face each other, and a dimming part formed on one or both facing surfaces of the pair of the transparent substrates, wherein an optical property of the dimming part is reversibly changed by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation; and a hydrogen-air mixture gas supply unit that supplies a hydrogen-air mixture gas between the pair of the transparent substrates. The hydrogen-air mixture gas supply unit includes an electrolysis cell including a mixer for mixing hydrogen and air, a polymer electrolyte membrane, a porous electrode formed in the polymer electrolyte membrane as an anode, and an air supply unit that supplies the air to the mixer, the porous electrode being arranged on a flow channel of the air.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection valve that can achieve sufficient atomization even if the spray angle is narrow.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve realizing improved circumferential uniformity of swirling fuel is provided. The fuel injection valve includes a swirling chamber having an inner peripheral wall whose curvature is gradually larger from upstream to downstream, a path for swirling which, having a fuel flow-in region formed along a valve axis direction, guides fuel to the swirling chamber, and a fuel injection orifice open into the swirling chamber. In the fuel injection valve, the path for swirling is inclined toward the fuel injection orifice formed on a downstream side of the swirling chamber.

Abstract: A reflection-type light control element according to the present invention is provided with a light control layer configured to exhibit a reversible change between a transparent state and a reflection state in a reversible reaction with a hydrogen and a catalyst layer configured to accelerate the reversible reaction of the light control layer, wherein the reflection-type light control element is such that the light control layer includes an alloy that contains at least one kind of element selected from a group composed of group 2 elements and at least two kinds of elements selected from a group composed of group 3 elements and rare earth elements, or a hydride of the alloy.

Abstract: A reflection-type optical control element has an optical control layer whose state is reversibly changed between a transparent state caused by hydrogenation and a reflective state caused by dehydrogenation, a catalyst layer that accelerates the hydrogenation and the dehydrogenation in the optical control layer, and an oxidation inhibition member that is arranged between the optical control layer and the catalyst layer and inhibits oxidation of the optical control layer that is caused by oxygen that permeates through the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A gasochromic system includes a first transparent part that includes a first surface; a second transparent part that includes a second surface and is disposed such that the second surface faces the first surface of the first transparent part; a light control part that is formed on the first surface and includes a light control element whose optical characteristic is reversibly changed by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation; a hydrogen supplier that supplies a hydrogen-containing gas into a gap between the first and second transparent parts; and a dehydrogenator that removes hydrogen from the gap between the first and second transparent parts. The first and second transparent parts are stacked via the light control part, and the second surface and a surface of the light control part facing the second surface are partially in contact with each other.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve realizing improved circumferential uniformity of swirling fuel is provided. The fuel injection valve includes swirling chambers each having an inner peripheral wall whose curvature is gradually larger from upstream to downstream, paths for swirling each of which, having a fuel flow-in region formed along a valve axis direction, guides fuel to the associated one of the swirling chambers, and fuel injection orifices open into the associated swirling chambers, respectively. In the fuel injection valve, a curved portion is formed on the bottom, in a sectional view along the valve axis direction, of an inlet portion of each of the paths for swirling so as to change the fuel flow in each of the paths for swirling.

Abstract: A gasochromic system includes a first transparent part that includes a first surface; a second transparent part that includes a second surface and is disposed such that the second surface faces the first surface of the first transparent part; a light control part that is formed on the first surface and includes a light control element whose optical characteristic is reversibly changed by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation; a hydrogen supplier that supplies a hydrogen-containing gas into a gap between the first and second transparent parts; and a dehydrogenator that removes hydrogen from the gap between the first and second transparent parts. The first and second transparent parts are stacked via the light control part, and the second surface and a surface of the light control part facing the second surface are partially in contact with each other.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a light-modulating member which restrains incidence of sunlight into a room in summer and does not restrain incidence of sunlight into a room in winter, and is also easily used as a member for window. The present invention relates to a light-modulating member produced by arranging one or a plurality of shaped resin sheets having projections on one surface, wherein the projection has a height of 1 ?m or more and 1 cm or less and a pitch interval of 10 ?m or more and 10 cm or less.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is disclosed with enhanced uniformity of a swirl flow in the circumferential direction. The valve includes a swirling chamber having an inner wall surface with a helical curve and a swirling passage for guiding fuel into the chamber. The valve is formed such that the center of a circle as the basis of the helical curve and the center of a fuel injection hole open in the swirling chamber align with one another. The joint between the passage for swirling and the inner circumferential wall on the downstream side of the chamber at which both walls intersect is positioned between a line from the center of the hole to a point at which the curvature of the swirling chamber shape starts to change; and a tangent line of the side wall of the hole so drawn that it is in parallel to the line segment.

Abstract: A reflection-type optical control element has an optical control layer whose state is reversibly changed between a transparent state caused by hydrogenation and a reflective state caused by dehydrogenation, a catalyst layer that accelerates the hydrogenation and the dehydrogenation in the optical control layer, and an oxidation inhibition member that is arranged between the optical control layer and the catalyst layer and inhibits oxidation of the optical control layer that is caused by oxygen that permeates through the catalyst layer.

Abstract: In a reflective dimming element having a multilayer film formed in a transparent base material, the multilayer film has a structure including a transparent base material 10 having a transparent electrode layer 20 and an ion storage layer 30 sequentially formed thereon; a transparent base material 70 having a transparent electrode layer 60, a reflective dimming layer 50 and a catalyst layer 40, or a reflective dimming layer 50 and a catalyst layer 40, sequentially formed thereon; and a non-water-based hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte layer 90 interposed between the ion storage layer 30 and the catalyst layer 40, while the electrolyte layer 90 is formed from a non-water-based hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte solution containing an ion conductive polymer and has high hydrogen ion conductivity and high light transmission performance.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve realizing improved circumferential uniformity of swirling fuel is provided. The fuel injection valve includes swirling chambers each having an inner peripheral wall whose curvature is gradually larger from upstream to downstream, paths for swirling each of which, having a fuel flow-in region formed along a valve axis direction, guides fuel to the associated one of the swirling chambers, and fuel injection orifices open into the associated swirling chambers, respectively. In the fuel injection valve, the paths for swirling are interconnected in a central portion of an orifice plate and are smaller in height toward where they are interconnected.