Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a nonmagnetic support; and a magnetic layer that comprises a binder and ferromagnetic powder dispersed in the binder, wherein ? is 10 to 100 nm; and ?d is from 5 to 50 nm in terms of coating layer in the magnetic recording medium, wherein ? represents an average thickness of the magnetic layer; and ?d represents a standard deviation that is obtained by measuring by TOF-SIMS a depth profile of an element present only in the magnetic layer among elements constituting the ferromagnetic powder and subjecting a differential curve of the depth profile to a normal distribution curve fitting.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a substrate and a magnetic layer containing ferromagnetic metal powder and a binder, wherein the ferromagnetic metal powder contains iron, cobalt and form 2 to 20 atom % of yttrium based on a total of iron and cobalt contained in the ferromagnetic metal powder and has an average length of 50 nm or smaller, and the magnetic recording medium has a test value of at least 100 passes in a magnetoresistive head resistance reduction test performed as defined herein.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising: a nonmagnetic support; and a magnetic layer containing ferromagnetic powder and a binder, wherein the nonmagnetic support contains polyester, the nonmagnetic support has gauche/trans peak intensity ratio of 0.50 or less as determined by a ATR-FT-IR method, and a shrinkage percentage of the magnetic recording medium after storage for 1 week under a conditions of 70° C. and 5% RH is 0.040% or less.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising: a nonmagnetic support having a first surface and a second surface; and a magnetic layer containing ferromagnetic powder and a binder, so that the magnetic layer, the first surface and the second surface are in this order, wherein the nonmagnetic support contains polyester, a difference between largest ratio and smallest ratio among peak intensity ratios of gauche/trans on the first and second surfaces of the support in a machine direction and a transverse direction obtained by ATR-FT-IR method is 0.030 or less in an absolute value, and a shrinkage factor of the magnetic recording medium after preservation at 70° C. 5% RH for one week is 0.040% or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording medium which is not adversely affected by temperature and moisture during use and retains stable recording and reproducing properties over the long term. The optical information recording medium comprises a substrate, a recording layer formed on the substrate and a transparent sheet formed on the recording layer through an adhesive layer, wherein a surface of the transparent sheet is provided with a high-molecular compound layer having a saturated water absorption rate of 0.01% or less.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method which comprises adhering a biological sample to a film, cutting out a target area of the sample, and then peeling off the film to collect the fragment which was cut out, wherein the operability is good and a cutting sharpness in cutting by a laser beam is good. The present invention provides a method for cutting a biological sample by light irradiation, which comprises locating the biological sample and a colored film having a thickness of 3 to 6 &mgr;m onto one side of a support, and irradiating the biological sample with a light beam, thereby cutting out a target area of the biological sample.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method which comprises adhering a biological sample to a film, cutting out a target area of the sample, and then peeling off the film to collect the fragment which was cut out, wherein the operability is good and a cutting sharpness in cutting by a laser beam is good. The present invention provides a method for cutting a biological sample by light irradiation, which comprises locating the biological sample and a colored film having a thickness of 3 to 6 &mgr;m onto one side of a support, and irradiating the biological sample with a light beam, thereby cutting out a target area of the biological sample.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises: a support; and at least one magnetic layer comprising a binder and a ferromagnetic alloy powder including Fe, wherein the magnetic recording medium has a surface scratch depth of 370 nm to 460 nm, and has a surface lubricant index of 4 to 11.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method which comprises adhering a biological sample to a film, cutting out a target area of the sample, and then peeling off the film to collect the fragment which was cut out, wherein the operability is good and a cutting sharpness in cutting by a laser beam is good. The present invention provides a method for cutting a biological sample by light irradiation, which comprises locating the biological sample and a colored film having a thickness of 3 to 6 &mgr;m onto one side of a support, and irradiating the biological sample with a light beam, thereby cutting out a target area of the biological sample.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises: a support; and at least one magnetic layer comprising a binder and a ferromagnetic alloy powder including Fe, wherein the magnetic recording medium has a surface scratch depth of 370 nm to 460 nm, and has a surface lubricant index of 4 to 11.

Abstract: An abrasive tape comprises a substrate and an abrasive layer, which is overlaid on the substrate and is constituted of fine abrasive grains and a binder, wherein the abrasive layer contains an alkyl sulfosuccinic acid salt ester. The abrasive tape gives little scratching and little chipping to materials to be abraded and has a sufficiently high abrasive powder.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a nonmagnetic support and a magnetic layer, wherein the magnetic layer is provided on one surface of the nonmagnetic support, comprises a ferromagnetic particle, and has a surface roughness of from 2 to 10 nm; the nonmagnetic support has plural layers; at least one layer of the plural layers comprises an antistatic agent; and the nonmagnetic support has a surface roughness of from 5 to 30 nm on the opposite surface to the surface on which the magnetic layer is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic recording medium comprising, a non-magnetic support having thereon (i) a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a non-magnetic powder and a binder, and (ii) an upper magnetic layer comprising a ferromagnetic powder and a binder, wherein an extract, obtained by extracting with tetrahydrofuran the binder present in the area between the outer surface of the upper magnetic layer and a position 0.1 .mu.m in depth from the outer surface, has a weight-average molecular weight of 15,000 or more, and wherein the reaction ratio of the curing agent reacted with the binder in the area between the outer surface of the upper magnetic layer and a position 0.1 .mu.m in depth from the outer surface is at least 1.3 times as much as the reaction ratio of the curing agent reacted with the binder containing a polyurethane in the lower nonmagnetic and upper magnetic layers as a whole. Also disclosed is a process for making this magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a subbing layer provided between a nonmagnetic plastic support and at least one of a magnetic layer and a backing layer, the magnetic layer and the backing layer each having a void of 40% by volume or less, and the subbing layer having higher solubility in a 0.5 wt % alkaline aqueous solution at 40.degree. C. than that in water at 40.degree. C. and being soluble in a weak alkaline aqueous solution having an initial pH of less than 13 or a low concentration alkaline aqueous solution having 0.25N or less. The subbing layer comprising a polymer containing acidic polar groups, and the subbing layer being soluble in a weak alkaline aqueous solution having an initial pH of less than 13 or a low concentration alkaline aqueous solution having 0.25N or less.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium high in storage stability and excellent in running properties and durability over a wide range of temperature and humidity, which comprises a non-magnetic support having a magnetic layer formed thereon, in which the magnetic recording layer contains a tertiary branched chain fatty acid ester represented by the following general formula ( I ): ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, provided the total number of carbon atoms in the ester is 12 to 40.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having thereon a multi-layer magnetic layer structure comprising ferromagnetic fine powder and a binder, wherein said multi-layer magnetic layer structure is formed by coating a first composition containing the ferromagnetic fine powder and a polyisocyanate compound on the non-magnetic support to form a first magnetic layer and coating a second composition containing ferromagnetic fine powder and an epoxy compound having at least one epoxy group or a coupling agent on said first magnetic layer to form a second magnetic layer, wherein coating of said second magnetic layer is conducted simultaneously with or after coating said first magnetic layer while said first magnetic layer is still in a wet state, by a simultaneous or successive multiple layered coating method.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon a magnetic layer comprising ferromagnetic fine powder uniformly dispersed in a binder, wherein the binder comprises at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a vinyl chloride resin and a urethane resin, said resin for the binder has a weight average molecular weight of about from 20,000 to 80,000 and contains a low molecular weight fraction having a weight average molecular weight of about 3,000 or less in an amount of about 3 wt. % or less based on the amount of the resin.

Abstract: An improved magnetic recording medium comprises a nonmagnetic support and a magnetic recording layer which comprises a ferromagnetic powder, a lubricant and an abrasive dispersed in a binder comprising a specific polyurethane resin and a specific vinyl chloride copolymer at a ratio (polyurethane resin:vinyl chloride copolymer) in the range of 15:85 to 90:10. The polyurethane resin has a polar group such as --COOM, --SO.sub.3 M, --OSO.sub.3 M and --PO(OM').sub.2, wherein M is hydrogen or an alkali metal atom, and M' is hydrogen, an alkali metal atom or a lower hydrocarbon group, one polar group being contained per 53,000 to 100,000 of the number-average molecular weight of the resin, and the vinyl chloride copolymer has one of the above-mentioned polar group, one polar group unit being contained per 10,000 to 100,000 of the number-average molecular weight of the copolymer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a support having provided on one surface thereof a magnetic recording layer containing ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a binder and on the other surface thereof a backing layer, wherein said binder comprises a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer reisn containing at least one group represented by formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein X represents a --COO-- group, a --CONH-- group, or a --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 -- group; x represents an integer of from 1 to 10; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl derivative having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 may be combined to each other to form a heterocycric ring; and Y.sup..crclbar. represents a halogen atom, ClO.sub.4.sup..crclbar., or HgI.sub.3.sup..crclbar. ; or Y.sup..crclbar. is bound to R.sub.2, R.sub.2 represents an alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Y.sup..crclbar. represents a --COO.sup..

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a nonmagnetic support and a magnetic recording layer provided on said support, said magnetic recording layer comprising a ferromagnetic powder dispersed in a binder, which is characterized in that said binder comprises a polyurethane resin which has a repeating unit derived from diol having the formula (I); ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different from each other, each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is any one of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group having 1-5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group and a cyclic aliphatic group, and at least three substituents among R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are not hydrogen atoms; and l, m, n and p are independently integers of 1-3, 0-2, 1-3, and 1-3, respectively.