Abstract: The disclosure generally relates generally to lipid nanodiscs, in particular to lipid nanodiscs formed from acryloyl-based copolymers. A lipid nanodisc according to the disclosure includes a lipid bilayer having a first hydrophilic face and a second hydrophilic face opposing the first hydrophilic face, and a hydrophobic edge between the opposing hydrophilic faces, and an acryloyl-based copolymer encircling the hydrophobic edge of the lipid bilayer. The acryloyl-based copolymer includes a first monomer unit having a pendant hydrophobic group and a second monomer unit having a pendant hydrophilic group. Methods of making and characterizing the lipid nanodiscs are also disclosed.

Abstract: A mixer tap is provided that includes: a lever; a temperature adjusting mechanism that enables adjusting a discharge water temperature by rotating the lever from side to side; a discharge amount adjustment mechanism that enables adjusting the discharge amount by rotating the lever back and forth; a side-to-side click mechanism that effects a side-to-side click feeling in association with rotation of the lever from side to side; and a back-and-forth click mechanism that effects a back-and-forth click feeling in association with rotation of the lever back and forth. In the mixer tap, a click feeling is varied depending on a lever back-and-forth position and/or a lever side-to-side position. The difference in the click feeling can provide a user with various items of information. This information allows the improvement of the convenience of the mixer tap.

Abstract: A mixer tap is provided that includes: a lever; a temperature adjusting mechanism that enables adjusting a discharge water temperature by rotating the lever from side to side; a discharge amount adjustment mechanism that enables adjusting the discharge amount by rotating the lever back and forth; a side-to-side click mechanism that effects a side-to-side click feeling in association with rotation of the lever from side to side; and a back-and-forth click mechanism that effects a back-and-forth click feeling in association with rotation of the lever back and forth. In the mixer tap, a click feeling is varied depending on a lever back-and-forth position and/or a lever side-to-side position. The difference in the click feeling can provide a user with various items of information. This information allows the improvement of the convenience of the mixer tap.

Abstract: A membrane vesicle fission system is disclosed. The membrane vesicle fission system includes: a membrane vesicle having a lipid bi-layer membrane including a cationic lipid; and a unit which applies, to the membrane vesicle, an anionic material having a hydrophobic group.