Abstract: A papermaking press felt having excellent rewetting suppression without impaired water-squeezing capability, comprises a base body, batt layers, and a rewetting prevention layer, integrated with one another by needle punching. The rewetting prevention layer has three dimensional passages comprising a verge opening, a wet paper web side opening and a roll side opening. The wet paper web side opening is larger than the roll side opening. Under nip pressure, water from the wet paper web moves into the roll surface side of the felt, passing through the passages in the rewetting prevention layer. Although a rewetting phenomenon tends to occur when the press felt is released from the nip pressure, movement of water through the passages back to the wet paper web side of the felt is suppressed since the roll side openings are narrower than the wet paper web side opening.

Abstract: A belt for a papermaking machine has minute projections and recesses randomly formed in a shoe-contacting surface of the belt by a powdery material contained in a high molecular weight elastic section formed on a base body. The surface roughness RZ of the shoe-contacting surface is between 50 and 500 microns; the particle diameter of the powdery material is between 5 and 500 microns; and the content of the powdery material in the high molecular weight elastic section is between 5 and 50 percent by weight. A lubricant is held in the minute projections and recesses, and consequently more lubricant may be supplied between the belt and the shoe with which it cooperates. As a result, friction between the belt and the shoe is reduced, and less energy is required to drive the papermaking machine.

Abstract: To improve the water squeezing function of a shoe press belt for papermaking, the wet web side layer of a main body of the belt is composed of a high molecular weight elastic material, and the wet web facing surface of the wet web side layer is made hydrophobic. Water, squeezed from the wet web under compression in a shoe press, and transferred to the surface of the wet web side layer of the belt through a felt, may be shaken off reliably before the belt is again subjected to compression.

Abstract: An endless papermaking press felt comprises a base and a batt layer intertwiningly integrated with the base. The batt layer comprises a wet paper web side layer and a machine side layer formed on an outer surface and inner surface of a base respectively, The base is manufactured from belt-shaped partial base bodies, which are connected to one another in side-by-side relationship. The press felt can be manufactured easily and at reduced cost.

Abstract: A relatively low-cost calendering belt having excellent heat resistance and durability comprises a central portion 30, and left and right side portions 20 located at the sides of the central portion. The right and left portions 20 comprise high molecular weight elastic material having greater heat resistance than that of the central portion 30. The central portion 30 is composed of high-molecular elastic material, the durability of which is higher than that of the right and left portions 20. The heat of the calender roll CR is intercepted by a paper W, and consequently is not transmitted to the central portion 30 of the calender belt. The right and left portions 20 of the calender belt, which are not protected by paper W do not deteriorate readily as a result of the heat of the calender roll CR because of their heat resisting property.

Abstract: In a shoe press apparatus of a papermaking machine, a press part comprises a roll which serves as a pressing member and a shoe. A belt is sandwiched between the roll and the shoe. A lubricant feeder supplies a lubricant from the outside of the shoe at the upstream side of the shoe. A lubricant holding section, comprising a plurality of grooves is provided on the upstream end of the shoe. Lubricant supplied from the lubricant feeder is held in the lubricant holding section of the shoe, and is more reliably supplied to the press part as the belt runs through the press part. The Structure of the lubricant holding section is comparatively simple, and the lubricant holding section decreases friction, thereby saving energy.

Abstract: A papermaking press felt having excellent rewetting suppression without impaired water-squeezing capability. comprises a base body, batt layers, and a rewetting prevention layer, integrated with one another by needle punching. The rewetting prevention layer has three dimensional passages comprising a verge opening, a wet paper web side opening and a roll side opening. The wet paper web side opening is larger than the roll side opening. Under nip pressure, water from the wet paper web moves into the roll surface side of the felt, passing through the passages in the rewetting prevention layer. Although a rewetting phenomenon tends to occur when the press felt is released from the nip pressure, movement of water through the passages back to the wet paper web side of the felt is suppressed since the roll side openings are narrower than the wet paper web side opening.

Abstract: In a shoe press belt, in which the nip zone is narrower than the shoe width, the shearing force which normally acts on the belt at the outer boundary of the nip zone is made either weak or non-existent by forming the outer portions of the belt of less hardness than the inner, or central, portion of the belt, so that the less hard portions can be positioned directly opposite the outer boundaries of the nip zone. Alternatively, the outer portions of the belt can be made thinner than the central portion of the belt and the thinner portions positioned directly opposite to the nip zone boundaries. The shearing force applied to the belt at the nip ends of the roll is reduced or eliminated, cracking resulting from the shear force is reduced or avoided, and a belt having improved durability results.

Abstract: To address the conflict between structural strength and flexibility in a conventional elastic belt for a papermaking calender, and to reduce manufacturing time, a belt in which the paper sheet-facing side of a base body side is covered by a high molecular weight elastic layer, is characterized in that the high molecular weight elastic layer is composed of a dense, first high molecular weight elastic layer and a second, high molecular weight elastic layer having a multitude of small voids of almost the same size. Flexibility of the layer having small voids is achieved while the dense surface layer is adapted to the ruggedness of the paper sheet.

Abstract: A papermaking felt which offers excellent elasticity over a long duration comprises a base body (2) and batt layers (3), and a film layer (5) with elongate ridges (4) having their orientation in the CMD direction. The film is arranged in the base body, in the batt layers, or between the layers. The papermaking felt is capable of running flexibly and smoothly in a winding path of a papermaking machine, and is highly resistant to flattening through fatigue, even if subjected to repeated compression under the nip pressure.

Abstract: To improve the water squeezing function of a shoe press belt for papermaking, the wet web side layer of a main body of the belt is composed of a high molecular weight elastic material, and the wet web facing surface of the wet web side layer is made hydrophobic. Water, squeezed from the wet web under compression in a shoe press, and transferred to the surface of the wet web side layer of the belt through a felt, may be shaken off reliably before the belt is again subjected to compression.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a resin layer &bgr; obtained by hardening at least one of an organic silicon compound having a hydroxyl group or a hydrolizable group and condensation compound thereof, and a compound represented by formula(1), A(Q)k  (1) wherein A represents a group containing an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, Q represents a group containing at least one of a hydroxy group, an amino group, and a mercapto group, and k represents an integer not less than 2, and wherein said organic silicon compound is three-dimensionally cross-linked.

Abstract: A papermaking felt which offers excellent elasticity over a long duration comprises a base body (2) and batt layers (3), and a film layer (5) with elongate ridges (4) having their orientation in the CMD direction. The film is arranged in the base body, in the batt layers, or between the layers. The papermaking felt is capable of running flexibly and smoothly in a winding path of a papermaking machine, and is highly resistant to flattening through fatigue, even if subjected to repeated compression under the nip pressure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises pigment particles obtained by incorporating one or more metal atom into polycyclic anhydride-aromatic diamine condensation compound particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized in comprising a resin layer containing a hardenable siloxane-based resin having a partial structure described below: ##STR1## wherein X represents a charge transportability providing group, which is a group bonding to Y in the formula via a carbon atom constituting said providing group, and Y represents at least a bivalent atom or group, excluding adjacent bonding atoms.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing conjugated linoleic acid, comprising subjecting a fat or oil containing linoleic acid to alkali isomerization reaction in an alkali-propylene glycol solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a substrate and provided thereon, a photosensitive layer comprising a charge generation material, a triarylamine charge transport material, and a compound represented by Formula 1: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a secondary or tertiary alkyl group; R.sub.2 represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkoxyl group; n represents an integer of 0 to 3, and Ar represents an aryl group.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrophotographic photoreceptor which comprises a titanylphthalocyanine containing 0.2% by weight or less of chlorine in a crystal form with the X-ray diffraction spectrum to Cu--K.alpha. line having peaks at Bragg's angles 2.theta. of 9.5.degree..+-.0.2.degree., 24.1.degree..+-.0.2.degree. and 27.2.degree..+-.0.2.degree..

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a carrier transport material, wherein the material is a benzoquinone compound represented by the following Formula (1) or (2): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 independently represent an aryl group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; Z, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 independently represent .dbd.C (CN).sub.2, .dbd.C (CO.sub.2 R'), .dbd.C(CN) (CO.sub.2 R), .dbd.C(CN) (COR) or .dbd.N(CN) in which R and R' represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group; and B represents an arylene group or a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a charge generation material is disclosed. The charge genaration material is mixed crystals of a titanylphthalocyanine and a vanadyl phtalocyanine, which have a characteristic peak at a Bragg angle (2.theta.) of 27.2.+-.0.2.degree. in an X-ray diffraction spectrum with a Cu-K .alpha. ray (wave length: 1.541 .ANG.) and having other specific physical property. The photoreceptor is suitably used in a printer or photocopying machine.