Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine is provided which has at a top surface thereof a cavity for causing a mixture charge drawn from an intake port into a combustion chamber so as to flow with a rotational motion about a horizontal axis to flow toward a spark plug. A combustion chamber structure for an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine is provided which has at a top surface thereof a cavity for causing a mixture charge drawn from an intake port into a combustion chamber so as to flow with a rotational motion about a horizontal axis to flow toward a spark plug. A combustion chamber structure for an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: A fuel injection control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of fuel injector valves, a pumping system having a suction valve, a discharge valve, and a high-pressure pump section sucking fuel into a pressurized chamber with the suction valve opened on a suction stroke and for discharging the fuel in the pressurized chamber toward the injector valves with the discharge valve opened on a discharge stroke. A relief passage is connected, at one end, to a lowpressure line upstream of the suction valve. The other end of the relief passage is connected to the pressurized chamber. A fuel-pressure control valve is disposed in the relief passage for regulating a fuel pressure of the fuel injected from each of the fuel injector valves by opening the fuel-pressure control valve only for a specified time duration from a controllable middle stage of the discharge stroke to the end of the discharge stroke.

Abstract: The electrodes of an electrostatic capacitor which is used to determine the alcohol concentration in a mixture of gasoline and alcohol, are connected with a frequency oscillator of the LC type which applies a signal having a frequency which is equal to or greater than 10 MHz. The setting of the oscillation frequency to 10 MHz or more eliminates the amount of change in electrode loss and enables stable and accurate alcohol concentration determination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a structure of a liquefied hydrogen pump, located within a liquefied hydrogen fuel tank of a hydrogen (gas ignited) engine, in which a cylinder holder is linked to a lower end of the connecting rod which is reciprocated upwardly and downwardly by means of an external driving source via a first universal joint and a cylinder is housed within a piston holding member via each arm of the cylinder holder so as to be enabled to move upwardly and downwardly. A stepped engagement recess is formed in a bottom end portion of a pump housing. A bottom lid of the piston holding member is linked to an engagement rod via a second universal joint, the engagement rod being received by the engagement recess so that a radial displacement of the piston holding member and piston member to the pump housing is permitted and an automatic axial alignment of both piston and cylinder to an axial line 01--01 of the pump housing is carried out.

Abstract: A refrigerant sensor which generates an output corresponding to the amount of liquid phase refrigerant in contact with the sensor is provided in a closed refrigerant circulation circuit of an air conditioning apparatus. A refrigerant insufficiency is detected by sensing a rotational speed of a compressor and comparing the refrigerant sensor output with a judgment value set to correspond to the rotational speed. As a result, even if the liquid surface of refrigerant in the refrigerant sensor fluctuates corresponding to an increase in rotational speed of the compressor, and an output value greater than that for the actual refrigerant fill amount is generated, since the judgment value is set to counterbalance this, a refrigerant insufficiency can be accurately detected. Moreover, problems such as seizing of the compressor due to the refrigerant insufficiency can be reliably prevented.

Abstract: The fuel character judging system has an electrical capacitance type sensor which outputs a first detection signal representative of a first character of a fuel mixture. A resistance type sensor outputs a second detection signal representative of a second character of the fuel mixture. A control unit stores first and second maps for a known fuel mixture having known first, second and third numbers corresponding to components of the known fuel mixture. The first map has a plurality of first characteristic lines which respectively correspond to a plurality of values of the first detection signal from the electrical capacitance type sensor. The second characteristic lines are plotted in accordance with the second signal from the resistance type sensor upon changing the known first number. One of the second characteristic lines in the second map is selected in accordance with the first detection signal from the electrical capacitance type sensor.

Abstract: In a super magnetostriction type actuator constructed such that a super magnetostriction rod is extended/contracted by application of a magnetic field from a solenoid coil, and a drive object is moved in response to the extension/contraction, a locating member for locating the super magnetostriction rod thermally deforms in correspondence with a thermal expansion of the super magnetostriction rod so as to permit an extension of the super magnetostriction rod due to the thermal expansion thereof. As a result, variation in spring loading and lift with thermal expansion of the super magnetostriction rod can be avoided. Also, the magnetostriction characteristic of the locating member is opposite that of the super magnetostriction rod allowing for greater relative movement of the super magnetostriction rod upon application of a magnetic field.

Abstract: In an assist-air type fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine in which an assist-air for atomizing fuel is supplied toward an injected fuel on the lower stream of a nozzle hole of a fuel injection valve, a pressure detection part for detecting a pressure of the above assist-air is provided at the fuel injection valve, and the pressure of the assist-air detected at the above pressure detection part is supplied as a signal pressure to a pressure regulator for regulating a fuel supply pressure to the fuel injection valve. Without being affected by the assist-air pressure, a fuel flow rate can be stabilized, whereby control accuracy of the fuel injection amount can be maintained favorably.

Abstract: An air conditioning system including a refrigerant circulation route, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator and a pressure sensor for detecting pressure in the circulation route comprises a refrigerant phase detecter provided on the circulation route between the condenser and the evaporator where the refrigerant should be in a liquid phase for detecting whether the refrigerant is in a liquid phase or in a vapor phase and a control for determining whether the compressor is in a locked state in accordance with the signals from the refrigerant phase detecter and the pressure sensor. The air conditioning system can precisely determine and detect both compressor lock up and refrigerant leakage without providing a rotation detecting sensor for the compressor.

Abstract: An air conditioning system capable of detecting the amount of residual coolant flowing through circulation piping (1) correctly free of adverse effects of coolant flows. To this end, the air conditioning system is provided with a residual coolant sensor which is constituted by a metal housing (19), an electrode rod (24) provided within the housing (19), and a self-heated thermistor (21) mounted on a fore end portion of the housing (19) and having the opposite ends thereof connected to the electrode rod (24) and housing (19), respectively. The self-heated thermistor 21 is arranged to detect the temperature of the coolant through the housing (19) without directly contacting the coolant to prevent overcooling, and therefore can detect the amount of residual coolant correctly.

Abstract: An engine has a combustion chamber and a fuel injection valve for directly injecting a fuel into the combustion chamber. An assist air supplying apparatus supplies assist air to atomize the fuel injected by the fuel injection valve. Assist air supply pressure is controlled so that a given pressure difference is secured between the assist air supply pressure and pressure in the combustion chamber. The assist air, therefore, is supplied under proper pressure for an entire period of fuel injection, to adequately micronize the injected fuel and improve combustion efficiency.

Abstract: A traction control system for an automotive vehicle housing device for adjusting the driving torque delivered to driven wheels from an automotive internal combustion engine, and sensor for detecting vehicular deceleration and acceleration for generating a vehicular deceleration and acceleration indicative data. The system also performs the functions of monitoring the torque transmitted between a road surface and the driven wheel, generating a transmitted torque magnitude indicative data, and predicting road friction level on the basis of the vehicular deceleration and acceleration indicative data and the transmitted torque magnitude indicative data. Based on the road friction level, the system derives a torque criterion on the basis of the raod friction level. The system performs traction control in response to the transmitted torque magnitude indicative data greater than the torque criterion.

Abstract: An air conditioning system including a refrigerant circulation route, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator and a pressure sensor for detecting pressure in the circulation route comprises a refrigerant phase detector provided on the circulation route between the condenser and the evaporator where the refrigerant should be in a liquid phase for detecting whether the refrigerant is in a liquid phase or in a vapor phase and a control for determining whether the compressor is in a locked state in accordance with the signals from the refrigerant phase detector and the pressure sensor. The air conditioning system can precisely determine and detect both compressor lock up and refrigerant leakage without providing a rotation detecting sensor for the compressor.

Abstract: A refrigerant overcharge prevention system is applied to a refrigerant charging apparatus which has a refrigerant supply source and a refrigerant supply pipe connected to a refrigerant circuit of a cooling apparatus. The charging apparatus charges refrigerant into the refrigerant circuit while activating a compressor provided in the refrigerant circuit. The system comprises a refrigerant flow suppressing mechanism provided in the refrigerant supply pipe for preventing an excessive flow of refrigerant being charged, a refrigerant charge determining sensor provided in a high-pressure side path of the refrigerant circuit for determining whether the amount of charged refrigerant reaches a desired level by sensing a change of the state of refrigerant present in the refrigerant circuit, and a compressor deactivating circuit for deactivating the compressor in response to the determination of the refrigerant charge determining sensor.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a refrigerant circulating circuit for circulating a mixture of a refrigerant and a refrigerating machine oil. The refrigerator includes a compressor with a bypass circuit or a variable displacement compressor, a state detecting sensor for sensing the degree of separation of the refrigerant mixture, determining circuit for determining whether the detected degree of separation is in a two phase separation area, and a control unit for controlling the amount of the refrigerant passing through the bypass circuit or the displacement of the variable displacement compressor. When the refrigerant mixture enters into the two phase separation area, the amount of discharge or the displacement of the compressor is decreased. The temperature of refrigerant mixture is lowered accordingly and the phase changes from the two phase separation area. The refrigerating machine oil is maintained in a uniformly mixed state with the refrigerant and circulates with the refrigerant to the compressor.

Abstract: An air conditioning system having a circuit for determining whether sufficient refrigerant is present in the system by detecting a phase state of the refrigerant. The circuit comprises a comparison circuit for comparing a detection signal of a state detecting sensor with a first reference value and a second reference value lower than the first reference value. An indication signal is output after the detection signal exceeds the first reference value until the detection signal is less than the second reference value. When the amount of refrigerant in the system is proper, even if the detection signal varies due to translucent lubricating oil in the refrigerant, the indication signal is continued to be output unless the detection signal drops below the second reference value. The amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit can be accurately determined and maintained within a proper range.

Abstract: A fuel mix ratio sensor system comprises a cylindrical housing having a small diameter portion on one end at which an electrode is supported. A sealing means, such as an O-ring, directly contacts an inner periphery of the small diameter portion in order to secure the sensor against leakage of the detected fluid.

Abstract: A fuel concentration monitoring unit includes a fuel temperature dependent error correction circuit in the unit. A fuel concentration indicative voltage signal variation rate set with taking a specific fuel concentration as reference point. The output incorporated in the unit.

Abstract: An assist air supply system employs a pressurized air source which is formed separately from an induction system of an automotive internal combustion engine. The pressurized air source is connected to an induction system in the vicinity of a fuel injection valve so as to inject pressurized air in the vicinity of fuel injected through the fuel injection valve. A valve means is disposed between the pressurized air source and discharge of a pressurized air passage, so that the pressurized air can be injected or discharged in synchronism with injection timing of the fuel injection valve.