Abstract: An electronic device includes a volatile memory; a non-volatile memory which is for storing firmware; and a circuit, wherein the firmware includes firmware body and loader which is for rewriting the non-volatile memory, and the circuit, judges whether the firmware is being rewritten or not based on a first mark when activating, judges whether the loader is being rewritten or not based on a second mark when it judges that the firmware is being rewritten, copies the loader which is copied to the other position of the non-volatile memory to the volatile memory when it judges that the loader is being rewritten, and executes the loader which is copied to the volatile memory and rewrites the firmware which is stored in the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a volatile memory; a non-volatile memory which is for storing firmware; and a circuit, wherein the firmware includes firmware body and loader which is for rewriting the non-volatile memory, and the circuit, judges whether the firmware is being rewritten or not based on a first mark when activating, judges whether the loader is being rewritten or not based on a second mark when it judges that the firmware is being rewritten, copies the loader which is copied to the other position of the non-volatile memory to the volatile memory when it judges that the loader is being rewritten, and executes the loader which is copied to the volatile memory and rewrites the firmware which is stored in the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A program causing hardware to act as a unit is simplified without increasing a processing load on the hardware, the unit receiving operation to update display of information and instructing to update the display of the information, the display of the information being displayed on a display unit. In case that a key processor instructs to update display information, an information access processor instructs an information storage to update the display information, and instructs the display processor to update the display of the information. The information storage updates the display information stored therein on a basis of the instruction to update the display information by the information access processor. The display processor causes the display unit to display the information based on the display information updated by the information storage, in case that the information access processor instructs to update the display of the information.

Abstract: An antibody against mutant ?-actinin-4 having an amino acid sequence with at least one amino acid residue substitution in the region between position 245 and 263 in the amino acid sequence of ?-actinin-4, wherein the antibody recognizes all or a part of the substituted amino acid residue(s) in the region.

Abstract: Restoration data is enabled to be written into a nonvolatile memory according to a simple process without using large capacity of a volatile memory. An SRAM writing section sets an updating request flag in a non-delay updating request flag region corresponding to a non-delay region where the restoration data is written. When the updating request flag is set in the non-delay updating request flag region, an EEPROM writing section writes the restoration data stored in the non-delay region corresponding to the non-delay updating request flag region into an EEPROM.

Abstract: To realize a change in a volume that does not give a user a feeling of strangeness even when a great processing load is put on a volume determining unit. A volume controller performs a process for determining a new volume of an audio signal based on an alternate pulse interval that is based on a counting time and the number of pulses counted by a counting section within the counting time and a current volume stored in a storage section, and storing the determined new volume as the current volume in the storage section, the same number of times as the number of pulses counted by the counting section every counting time, and outputs last information stored as the current volume in the storage section to an electronic volume.

Abstract: There is provided an input device that needs not to change processing of means (a key processor or a key processing microcomputer as a software module) for performing processing based on an on or off state of a key switch in a matrix system and an A/D system. A key-in microcomputer detects the on or off states of plural key switches K based on voltages at A/D input terminals. The key-in microcomputer converts the detected on or off states of the plural key switches K into a bit array. A key processing microcomputer performs the processing based on the bit array converted by the key-in microcomputer.

Abstract: Restoration data is enabled to be written into a nonvolatile memory according to a simple process without using large capacity of a volatile memory. An SRAM writing section sets an updating request flag in a non-delay updating request flag region corresponding to a non-delay region where the restoration data is written. When the updating request flag is set in the non-delay updating request flag region, an EEPROM writing section writes the restoration data stored in the non-delay region corresponding to the non-delay updating request flag region into an EEPROM.

Abstract: A program causing hardware to act as a unit is simplified without increasing a processing load on the hardware, the unit receiving operation to update display of information and instructing to update the display of the information, the display of the information being displayed on a display unit. In case that a key processor instructs to update display information, an information access processor instructs an information storage to update the display information, and instructs the display processor to update the display of the information. The information storage updates the display information stored therein on a basis of the instruction to update the display information by the information access processor. The display processor causes the display unit to display the information based on the display information updated by the information storage, in case that the information access processor instructs to update the display of the information.

Abstract: There is provided an input device that needs not to change processing of means (a key processor or a key processing microcomputer as a software module) for performing processing based on an on or off state of a key switch in a matrix system and an A/D system. A key-in microcomputer 91 detects the on or off states of plural key switches K based on voltages at A/D input terminals 61 to 64. The key-in microcomputer 91 converts the detected on or off states of the plural key switches K into a bit array. A key processing microcomputer 2 performs the processing based on the bit array converted by the key-in microcomputer 91.

Abstract: To realize a change in a volume that does not give a user a feeling of strangeness even when a great processing load is put on a volume determining unit. A volume controller performs a process for determining a new volume of an audio signal based on an alternate pulse interval that is based on a counting time and the number of pulses counted by a counting section within the counting time and a current volume stored in a storage section, and storing the determined new volume as the current volume in the storage section, the same number of times as the number of pulses counted by the counting section every counting time, and outputs last information stored as the current volume in the storage section to an electronic volume.

Abstract: An antibody against mutant ?-actinin-4 having an amino acid sequence with at least one amino acid residue substitution in the region between position 245 and 263 in the amino acid sequence of ?-actinin-4, wherein the antibody recognizes all or a part of the substituted amino acid residue(s) in the region.

Abstract: An image reproduction system includes a TV set, an AV amplifier connected to the TV set, and a plurality of image output devices, such as a DVD player, a set-top box and a game console, connected to the AV amplifier. The ID information of these image output devices is displayed as a list on the screen of the TV set. The user can select any one of the image output devices from the list by using a remote control, for example. The fact of the selection is transmitted to the AV amplifier from the TV set. Upon this, the AV amplifier connects the selected image output device to the TV set, so that the image signals reproduced by the selected device are sent to the TV set.

Abstract: A movement device of a recording determination apparatus moves a pickup in a radial direction of an optical disc. The pickup irradiates laser light to the optical disc to output an electric signal, based on reflected light from a laser spot. A control device acquires address information relating to an arrangement position of the laser spot, based on the electric signal. The control device controls the movement device to move the laser spot from a data area to a recordable area. The control device determines whether or not data is recorded in the recordable area, based on the electric signal until a reference time has elapsed from a border potion between the data area and the recordable area, the border portion being specified based on the address information.

Abstract: A pick-up of a format determining apparatus irradiates light to an optical disk to generate a reproduction signal. A signal processing unit decodes the reproduction signal to generate main data. A CD-ROM decoder decodes the main data. A CD-ROM determining unit determines whether or not the main data is in a CD-ROM format, based on the decoded main data. A reproduction signal determining unit determines whether or not the reproduction signal is normal when the main data is not in the CD-ROM format. A system control unit determines that the main data is in a CD-DA format, when the main data is not in the CD-ROM format, and when the reproduction signal is normal.

Abstract: A pick-up of a format determining apparatus irradiates light to an optical disk to generate a reproduction signal. A signal processing unit decodes the reproduction signal to generate main data. A CD-ROM decoder decodes the main data. A CD-ROM determining unit determines whether or not the main data is in a CD-ROM format, based on the decoded main data. A reproduction signal determining unit determines whether or not the reproduction signal is normal when the main data is not in the CD-ROM format. A system control unit determines that the main data is in a CD-DA format, when the main data is not in the CD-ROM format, and when the reproduction signal is normal.

Abstract: A movement device of a recording determination apparatus moves a pickup in a radial direction of an optical disc. The pickup irradiates laser light to the optical disc to output an electric signal, based on reflected light from a laser spot. A control device acquires address information relating to an arrangement position of the laser spot, based on the electric signal. The control device controls the movement device to move the laser spot from a data area to a recordable area. The control device determines whether or not data is recorded in the recordable area, based on the electric signal until a reference time has elapsed from a border potion between the data area and the recordable area, the border portion being specified based on the address information.

Abstract: A microcomputer 11 stays in a power saving mode until a remote control signal is input and a first interrupt signal is input to an interrupt terminal 14. When the first interrupt signal is input, the microcomputer 11 performs an intermittent operation in which the power saving mode and the normal mode are periodically alternated with each other, and ends the intermittent operation when the remote control signal is received completely. After the intermittent operation, the microcomputer 11 stays in the normal mode if the remote control signal is a power-requesting signal and stays in the power saving mode otherwise.

Abstract: An image reproduction system includes a TV set, an AV amplifier connected to the TV set, and a plurality of image output devices, such as a DVD player, a set-top box and a game console, connected to the AV amplifier. The ID information of these image output devices is displayed as a list on the screen of the TV set. The user can select any one of the image output devices from the list by using a remote control, for example. The fact of the selection is transmitted to the AV amplifier from the TV set. Upon this, the AV amplifier connects the selected image output device to the TV set, so that the image signals reproduced by the selected device are sent to the TV set.

Abstract: An input device includes an input circuit including a plurality of key switches connected in parallel to one another, and a control circuit including a key input terminal to which a first terminal of the input circuit is connected, and an interrupt terminal to which a second terminal of the input circuit is connected. When a key switch is turned ON, an interrupt signal is input from the second terminal of the input circuit to the interrupt terminal, whereby the control circuit transitions from a power saving mode to a normal mode. Then, the control circuit determines which one of the key switches is turned ON based on a value of a voltage applied from the first terminal of the input circuit to the key input terminal. Thus, it is possible to realize a power saving mode without having to provide a comparator.