Abstract: A receiving terminal is provided that prevents a load on a network near a receiving terminal from increasing when a retransmission request is made to a plurality of other terminals, and enables the probability of being able to compensate for a lost packet by means of a retransmission packet to be increased.

Abstract: A method for producing a diester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid, comprising a step of reacting a monoester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid in the presence of a catalyst containing a hydrotalcite compound to obtain a diester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a DOI synthase having properties such as stability to heat and pH, which are superior to those of conventional enzymes, and a method for producing DOI using the above-mentioned enzyme. The present invention provides a 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose synthase having the properties described in the following (1), (2), (4), (6) and (7), and also having the properties described in the following (3) and/or (5): (1) action: the enzyme has a function to convert glucose-6-phosphate to 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose; (2) optimum pH range: pH 7.0 to 7.7; (3) stable pH range: pH 6.0 to 8.0; (4) optimum temperature range: 55° C. to 70° C.; (5) stable temperature range: 20° C. to 46° C.; (6) coenzyme used: NAD+; and (7) molecular weight: 39,000 to 42,000.

Abstract: A first communication terminal which communicates with a second communication terminal through a best effort network includes: a communication history storage unit in which a communication history is stored for each of the communication terminals; and a round-trip delay time calculation unit which calculates a round-trip delay time that occurs in a communication with the second communication terminal. The second communication terminal includes a target loss event rate calculation unit which calculates a target loss event rate that is to be set by the first communication terminal in a communication with the second communication terminal, based on a past transmission rate that is recorded in the communication history and has been realized in the communication with the second communication terminal, and on the round-trip delay time that occurs in the communication with the second communication terminal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phenylpyruvate reductase for efficiently obtaining highly pure, optically active 3-phenyllactate and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate; a gene coding for the same; and a method for manufacturing optically active 3-phenyllactate and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate employing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a path setting device capable of setting a distribution path of packets more speedily, when the originator of information is switched. The terminal (100) as the device sets the distribution path of the packets to a communication network which distributes the information from an unspecified terminal to a large number of terminals by transferring the packets. The terminal (100) comprises: an expanded distribution tree calculation unit (140) which calculates the distribution path in accordance with the position, on the communication network, of an origination candidate terminal which is a terminal capable of originating information; and a table setting server unit (150) which sets the calculated distribution path to the communication network.

Abstract: A data transmitting apparatus makes it possible to send out a retransmitting packet at early timing even when a delivery tree structure is unclear.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a DOI synthase having properties such as stability to heat and pH, which are superior to those of conventional enzymes, and a method for producing DOI using the above-mentioned enzyme. The present invention provides a 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose synthase having the properties described in the following (1), (2), (4), (6) and (7), and also having the properties described in the following (3) and/or (5): (1) action: the enzyme has a function to convert glucose-6-phosphate to 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose; (2) optimum pH range: pH 7.0 to 7.7; (3) stable pH range: pH 6.0 to 8.0; (4) optimum temperature range: 55° C. to 70° C.; (5) stable temperature range: 20° C. to 46° C.; (6) coenzyme used: NAD+; and (7) molecular weight: 39,000 to 42,000.

Abstract: Disclosed is a path setting device capable of setting a distribution path of packets more speedily, when the originator of information is switched. The terminal (100) as the device sets the distribution path of the packets to a communication network which distributes the information from an unspecified terminal to a large number of terminals by transferring the packets. The terminal (100) comprises: an expanded distribution tree calculation unit (140) which calculates the distribution path in accordance with the position, on the communication network, of an origination candidate terminal which is a terminal capable of originating information; and a table setting server unit (150) which sets the calculated distribution path to the communication network.

Abstract: To transmit multimedia data in such a manner that is adaptive to the transmission capability of a receiving apparatus and/or to the congestion state of a network. In a transmitting apparatus (100), a receiver capability estimating part (102) estimates, based on feedback information from a receiving apparatus (200), a useable band. A receiver classifying part (103) classifies, based on the useable band, the receiving apparatus. A receiver list rearranging part (105) rearranges, in order of transmission capability, a receiver list where classified receiving apparatuses are listed in classes. A packet generating part (106) generates a packet having the receiver list and transmits it at an appropriate transmission rate.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a flow control method in which a packet round trip time is not excessively calculated out and its performance is not unnecessarily deteriorated even at the time of continuously connected packet transfers through relays of a plurality of receiving terminal devices. This method is directed to a flow control method in which the delivery of packets are carried out through relays of a plurality of receiving terminal devices. The method is comprised of steps (S501-S517) for acquiring a packet round trip time for every pair of neighboring terminal devices in a path of the delivery, a selection step for selecting one from the acquired round trip time in accordance with a predetermined standard, and a step (S518) for calculating a packet transmission rate on the basis of the selected round trip time, so that the round trip time of each receiving terminal device is measured and the transmission rate is calculated in accordance with the measured result.

Abstract: A multicast communication system in which a receiving node which has detected a packet loss can make a retransmission request without applying a high load to a transmitting node, all receiving nodes, and the band of the entire network. The transmitting node transmits an explicit multicast data packet including an address list including a plurality of destination addresses and a bitmap indicating whether the data packet has been delivered to the respective destination addresses, to a plurality of the receiving nodes. The receiving node which has detected the packet loss checks an address list and bitmap of another data packet received and selects a receiving node to which the another data packet has been delivered as a retransmission requester. The receiving node which has detected the packet loss creates a unicast retransmission request packet with the selected receiving node as the destination and transmits it to the selected receiving node.

Abstract: In a communication of explicit multicast system used in SICC, the frequency of variation of the transmission rate is reduced to achieve a multimedia data transmission exhibiting a high quality. An available bandwidth estimating part (102) of a transmitting apparatus (100) uses feedback information, which is received by a receiving part (101) from a receiving apparatus (200), to estimate a bandwidth available to the receiving apparatus. A bandwidth correcting part (103) corrects, based on a difference in header size between a current class and an upper-order class, the estimated available bandwidth. A class deciding part (104) uses the corrected bandwidth to change the class to which the receiving apparatus belongs.

Abstract: A first communication terminal which communicates with a second communication terminal through a best effort network includes: a communication history storage unit in which a communication history is stored for each of the communication terminals; and a round-trip delay time calculation unit which calculates a round-trip delay time that occurs in a communication with the second communication terminal. The second communication terminal includes a target loss event rate calculation unit which calculates a target loss event rate that is to be set by the first communication terminal in a communication with the second communication terminal, based on a past transmission rate that is recorded in the communication history and has been realized in the communication with the second communication terminal, and on the round-trip delay time that occurs in the communication with the second communication terminal.

Abstract: Provided is a multicast distribution device for transmitting a packet in which a reception node can easily perform signal synchronization between a plurality of hierarchized data. The multicast distribution device (100) includes an input unit (110), a hierarchy encoding unit (112), a communication control unit (114), a flow rate control unit (116), a reception node sorting unit (118), a hierarchy setting unit (120), a hierarchy information storage unit (122), and a reception node information storage unit (124). The reception node sorting unit (118) decides the order of addresses described in an address list of a packet of each hierarchy in the descending order from the most significant hierarchy to the least significant hierarchy. When deciding the address order for an arbitrary hierarchy, the address order decided in the more significant hierarchy by one step is acquired as it is and after this, the address order of the remaining reception node is decided.

Abstract: A data transmitting apparatus is provided for making it possible to send out a retransmitting packet at early timing even in the case where a delivery tree structure is unclear.

Abstract: In a communication of explicit multicast system used in SICC, the frequency of variation of the transmission rate is reduced to achieve a multimedia data transmission exhibiting a high quality. An available bandwidth estimating part (102) of a transmitting apparatus (100) uses feedback information, which is received by a receiving part (101) from a receiving apparatus (200), to estimate a bandwidth available to the receiving apparatus. A bandwidth correcting part (103) corrects, based on a difference in header size between a current class and an upper-order class, the estimated available bandwidth. A class deciding part (104) uses the corrected bandwidth to change the class to which the receiving apparatus belongs.

Abstract: To transmit multimedia data in such a manner that is adaptive to the transmission, capability of a receiving apparatus and/or to the congestion state of a network. In a transmitting apparatus (100), a receiver capability estimating part (102) estimates, based on feedback information from a receiving apparatus (200), a useable band. A receiver classifying part (103) classifies, based on the useable band, the receiving apparatus. A receiver list rearranging part (105) rearranges, in order of transmission capability, a receiver list where classified receiving apparatuses are listed in classes. A packet generating part (106) generates a packet having the receiver list and transmits it at an appropriate transmission rate.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a flow control method in which a packet round trip time is not excessively calculated out and its performance is not unnecessarily deteriorated even at the time of continuously connected packet transfers through relays of a plurality of receiving terminal devices. This method is directed to a flow control method in which the delivery of packets are carried out through relays of a plurality of receiving terminal devices. The method is comprised of steps (S501-S517) for acquiring a packet round trip time for every pair of neighboring terminal devices in a path of the delivery, a selection step for selecting one from the acquired round trip time in accordance with a predetermined standard, and a step (S518) for calculating a packet transmission rate on the basis of the selected round trip time, so that the round trip time of each receiving terminal device is measured and the transmission rate is calculated in accordance with the measured result.

Abstract: A receiving terminal is provided that prevents a load on a network near a receiving terminal from increasing when a retransmission request is made to a plurality of other terminals, and enables the probability of being able to compensate for a lost packet by means of a retransmission packet to be increased.