Abstract: A factory management system has a database for managing a factory in which a production line is provided. The factory management system includes a communication unit, a collection and storage unit and a compilation and display unit. The communication unit connects production facilities of the production line with host systems such that the production facilities and the host systems communicate with each other. The collection and storage unit is one of the host systems and collects production status data on a production status from the production facilities via the communication unit and stores the production status data in the database. The compilation and display unit is provided separately from the collection and storage unit via a communication interface. The compilation and display unit compiles a predetermined data out of the production status data stored in the database and display the first predetermined data.

Abstract: A copper electroplating material capable of exhibiting increased easy-dissolution properties, to thereby minimize formation of an insoluble residue. Basic copper carbonate is formed in a reaction tank by deposition and heated to a temperature of between 250° C. and 800° C. and preferably between 350° C. and 600° C. in an atmosphere which does not form a reducing atmosphere which does not form a reducing atmosphere, to thereby be subjected to thermal decomposition, resulting in providing easily soluble copper oxide. The copper oxide is washed with water and dewatered using, for example, a centrifugal separator. Then, the copper oxide is dried.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for supplying hydrogen chloride gas from a hydrogen chloride gas generator to an absorbing reactor through a gas supply pipe, and a method for producing hydrochloric acid by allowing the gas absorbed in water in an absorbing reactor. The apparatus obtains a large amount of high purity hydrochloric acid having extremely low impurity concentration with a simple system. The inner wall of the gas supply pipe is constructed with such materials from which impurities are not eluted by hydrochloric acid at least to the position of the wall which is reached by the backward flow or splash of produced hydrochloric acid, vapor of the hydrochloric acid or water in an absorbing reactor.

Abstract: In order to reduce the amount of time and labor normally necessary for delivery of a large-sized image-forming apparatus, the apparatus is constructed with a body formed of divided blocks, each of which has a height which is less than each of the width, the depth and the height of the assembled body. The divided blocks are connected with each other such that they are vertically separable. In addition, the respective divided blocks are provided with handles for carrying them with the height dimension thereof oriented horizontally.

Abstract: An image-forming machine, such as an electrostatic copying machine, having a number of optional features. A display device is provided for displaying the number or type of toner cartridge loaded in the main body of a developing device. An image-forming condition adjusting device is provided for adjusting the image-forming conditions in response to a toner cartridge loaded in the main body. A life signal producing device is provided for signaling the end of the service life of the electrostatographic material. The life signal is produced in response to a cartridge replacement signal and a final cartridge signal. Alternatively, the life signal is produced in response to a final cartridge signal and either a signal indicating a predetermined number of rotations of the image-bearing member or a cartridge replacement signal, whichever is produced earlier. A toner removing blade is held at a non-operating position when a process unit is detached from the image-forming machine and positioned in a unit holding box.

Abstract: An image-forming machine comprising a main body of the machine and an image bearing member disposed within the main body and adapted to form an image on an electrophotographic material disposed on the surface of the image bearing member. According to a first aspect, the main body of the image-forming machine includes a lower supporting frame and an upper supporting frame mounted on the lower supporting frame for free pivotable movement between an open position and a closed position, and a cover member mounted on the upper supporting frame, in which when the upper supporting frame is held at the open position, the cover member covers part of the image bearing member. According to a second aspect, an image-forming area and a non-image-forming area exist on the surface of the image bearing member, and when an image-forming step is over, the non-image-forming area is positioned at a transfer opening formed for image transfer.

Abstract: An image-forming machine comprising a main body of the machine and an image bearing member disposed within the main body and adapted to form an image on a electrophotographic material disposed of the surface of the image bearing member. According to a first aspect, the main body of the image-forming machine includes a lower supporting frame and an upper supporting frame mounted on the lower supporting frame for free pivotable movement between an open position and a closed position, and a cover member mounted on the upper supporting frame, in which when the upper supporting frame is held at the open position, the cover member covers part of the image bearing member. According to a second aspect, an image-forming area and a non-image-forming area exist on the surface of the image bearing member, and when an image-forming step is over, the non-image-forming are is positioned at a transfer opening formed for image transfer.

Abstract: An image-forming machine comprising a main body of the machine and an image bearing member disposed within the main body and adapted to form an image on a electrophotographic material disposed on the surface of the image bearing member. According to a first aspect, the main body of the image-forming machine includes a lower supporting frame and an upper supporting frame mounted on the lower supporting frame for free pivotable movement between an open position and a closed position, and a cover member mounted on the upper supporting frame, in which when the upper supporting frame is held at the open position, the cover member covers part of the image bearing member. According to a second aspect, an image-forming area and a non-image-forming area exist on the surface of the image bearing member, and when an image-forming step is over, the non-image-forming area is positioned at a transfer opening formed for image transfer.

Abstract: An image forming machine provided with an image bearing member having a photosensitive material on its surface, a developing device for developing a latent electrostatic image formed on the surface of the photosensitive material, a cleaning device for removing toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive material, and toner feed means for feeding the toner recovered in the cleaning device to the developing device. According to one aspect, the machine is constructed such that the color of toner used in the developing device can be easily determined. According to a second aspect, the image bearing member, the developing device and the cleaning device are mounted on a detachable unit frame, and the unit frame is adapted to be mounted and detached by means of a simple structure. According to a third aspect, the machine is constructed such that the toner recovered in the cleaning device is mixed in a predetermined amount with fresh toner and then fed to a developing chamber in the developing device.

Abstract: An electrostatic copying apparatus includes a lower supporting frame, an upper supporting frame mounted on the lower supporting frame for pivotal movement between an open position and a closed position, a document placing assembly having a transparent plate for placing a document to be copied thereon, an optical unit and a driving source. Either the document placing assembly or at least a part of the optical unit is mounted reciprocally on the upper supporting frame and drivingly coupled to the driving source via a power transmission mechanism. The apparatus further includes an automatic locking device for automatically locking the document placing assembly or at least a part of the optical unit and cancelling the locking according to an operation of moving the upper supporting frame to an open or closed position or an operation incident to this moving operation.

Abstract: A sheet material conveying device includes a feed roller assembly and a temporary hampering device disposed downstream of the roller assembly. The conveying device includes a driven shaft to be rotated by a driving source and a plurality of driven rollers mounted on the shaft. The driven rollers comprise at least one positively driven roller having a non-slip rotary connection with the driven shaft and at least one negatively driven roller having a slip connection with the driven shaft. The positively driven roller is mounted on the driven shaft so as to be rotated continuously with rotation of the driven shaft. The negatively driven roller has an inside diameter larger than the outside diameter of the driven shaft and is rotatably mounted on the driven shaft.

Abstract: An electrostatic copying apparatus comprising a lower supporting frame, an upper supporting frame mounted on the lower supporting frame for pivotal movement between an open position and a closed position, a document placing means having a transparent plate for placing a document to be copied thereon, an optical unit and a driving source. Either the document placing means or at least a part of the optical unit is mounted reciprocally on the upper supporting frame and drivingly coupled to the driving source via a power transmission mechanism. The apparatus further includes an automatic locking means for automatically locking the document placing means or at least a part of the optical unit and cancelling the locking according to an operation of moving the upper supporting frame to an open or closed position or an operation incident to this moving operation.

Abstract: An electrostatic copying apparatus comprising a lower supporting frame, an upper supporting frame mounted on the lower supporting frame for pivotal movement between an open position and a closed position, a document placing means having a transparent plate for placing a document to be copied thereon, an optical unit and a driving source. Either the document placing means or at least a part of the optical unit is mounted reciprocally on the upper supporting frame and drivingly coupled to the driving source via a power transmission mechanism. The apparatus further includes an automatic locking means for automatically locking the document placing means or at least a part of the optical unit and cancelling the locking according to an operation of moving the upper supporting frame to an open or closed position or an operation incident to this moving operation.

Abstract: An electrostatic copying apparatus comprising a lower supporting frame, an upper supporting frame mounted on the lower supporting frame for pivotal movement between an open position and a closed position, a document placing means having a transparent plate for placing a document to be copied thereon, an optical unit and a driving source. Either the document placing means or at least a part of the optical unit is mounted reciprocally on the upper supporting frame and drivingly coupled to the driving source via a power transmission mechanism. The apparatus further includes an automatic locking means for automatically locking the document placing means or at least a part of the optical unit and cancelling the locking according to an operation of moving the upper supporting frame to an open or closed position or an operation incident to this moving operation.

Abstract: A display for a copying apparatus includes a display element for indicating the operating conditions of the copying apparatus. The display has a number of detectors for detecting each of a group of operating conditions and an energizer for energizing the display element in response to the outputs from the detectors. The display element operates with a predetermined on-period and a predetermined off-period for each corresponding detector. The display is capable of displaying a group of operating conditions by a single display element through a group of display conditions such as being on, being off and blinking.