Abstract: A water level sensor includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a controller. The first electrode is installed at a first height in a tank that stores water containing impurities including microorganisms that can form a biofilm. The second electrode is installed at a second height higher than the first height in the tank. The controller detects that water reaches the second height through contact of the first electrode and the second electrode with water.

Abstract: A dispensing device includes: a pump that discharges a liquid; a pipe through which a liquid discharged by the pump flows; a dispensing portion that is connected to the pipe and dispenses a liquid that flows through the pipe; a nozzle that houses the pipe, the dispensing portion being arranged therein in an opening portion; and an antenna that is provided inside the nozzle and transmits and receives radio signals.

Abstract: A torque converter has a torus. The torus has a size set based on a flatness ratio obtained by dividing a width of the torus in an axial direction by a width of the torus in a radial direction, a thinness ratio obtained by dividing the width of the torus in the axial direction by an outer diameter of the torus, and an inner diameter ratio obtained by dividing an inner diameter of the torus by the outer diameter of the torus.

Abstract: A torque converter has a torus. The torus has a size set based on a flatness ratio obtained by dividing a width of the torus in an axial direction by a width of the torus in a radial direction, a thinness ratio obtained by dividing the width of the torus in the axial direction by an outer diameter of the torus, and an inner diameter ratio obtained by dividing an inner diameter of the torus by the outer diameter of the torus.

Abstract: In a scale constituted by a plurality of scale lines, to provide such a scale capable of easily reading scale values. In a scale main body having a predetermined size and a plurality of scale lines formed thereon, temporary numbers are put one by one from 0 in an ascending order on the respective scale lines formed at each scale value interval desirably determined, with the scale line defined as 0 in the scale value being set as a starting point, and display methods between the scale line with the numeral 2, 3, 7 or 8 set at the lowermost position of the temporary number and the scale line with the numeral 1, 4, 6 or 9 set at the lowermost position of the temporary number are made different.

Abstract: In a scale constituted by a plurality of scale lines, to provide such a scale capable of easily reading scale values. In a scale main body having a predetermined size and a plurality of scale lines formed thereon, temporary numbers are put one by one from 0 in an ascending order on the respective scale lines formed at each scale value interval desirably determined, with the scale line defined as 0 in the scale value being set as a starting point, and display methods between the scale line with the numeral 2, 3, 7 or 8 set at the lowermost position of the temporary number and the scale line with the numeral 1, 4, 6 or 9 set at the lowermost position of the temporary number are made different.

Abstract: In a torque converter for performing torque transmission by circulating a working fluid between a pump impeller and a turbine runner, the working fluid is a magnetic viscous fluid; and in a torque converter housing, outside a circulation path of the working fluid, a yoke member connected to the pump impeller and provided with a coil and a magnetic member connected to the turbine runner are concentrically arranged with a predetermined space therebetween; and a magnetic circuit is established between the yoke member and the magnetic member upon energization of the coil.

Abstract: A proximity sensor of the electrostatic type has a pulse-generating circuit and first and second delay circuits which are respectively connected to an output of the pulse-generating circuit. The first and second delay circuits are of the integrating type having capacitances which are charged over time. The second delay circuit is a reference circuit and has a delay based on a fixed capacitance. The first delay circuit has its capacitance based on a capacitance of a detection electrode. The first and second delay circuits each have their respective capacitances charged or drained by constant current circuits, each moving the same amount of current. Outputs of the first and second delay circuits are each applied to a respective limiting amplifier such as a Schmitt trigger, each Schmitt trigger then has an output to input to a common phase detector. The phase detector determines the sequence of arrival of pulses generated by the first and second delay circuits.