Abstract: A novel copolycarbonate is provided, which comprises recurring units respectively of the formulae: ##STR1## in a molar ratio of units (A) to units (B) of from 9:1 to 1:9. The copolycarbonate has a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 50,000. The copolycarbonate is useful as a reactive polymer for producing final polymers such as a polyurethane and a thermoplastic elastomer. The copolycarbonate as well as various final polymers produced therefrom have excellent resistance to hydrolysis, light, chlorine, oxidative degradation, heat, etc. The polyurethane and the thermoplastic elastomer containing units of the novel copolycarbonate as soft segements exhibit remarkably improved flexibility and elastic recovery as compared to those of the conventional polymers.

Abstract: A novel copolycarbonate is provided, which comprises recurring units respectively of the formulae: ##STR1## in a molar ratio of units (A) to units (B) of from 9:1 to 1:9. The copolycarbonate has a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 50,000. The copolycarbonate is useful as a reactive polymer for producing final polymers such as a polyurethane and a thermoplastic elastomer. The copolycarbonate as well as various final polymers produced therefrom have excellent resistance to hydrolysis, light, chlorine, oxidative degradation, heat, etc. The polyurethane and the thermoplastic elastomer containing units of the novel copolycarbonate as soft segments exhibit remarkably improved flexibility and elastic recovery as compared to those of the conventional polymers.

Abstract: An aromatic compound with functional groups is produced by carrying out electrolytic oxidation of an iodide in an electrolyte containing an inorganic weak acid salt and/or medium acid salt, allowing the electrolyzed product to react with an aromatic compound having an electron donating group with a Hammet's substituent constant (.sigma.p-) of -0.25 or lower and allowing the resultant iodized aromatic compound to react with a nucleophilic reagent.

Abstract: Dimethyl ester of a higher dibasic acid, such as dimethyl sebacate, dimethyl brassylate or dimethyl thapsate, can be produced by a batchwise electrolytic condensation of a mixture of acid esters consisting of 2 moles or more of monomethyl adipate or monomethyl glutarate essentially free of glutaric acid and essentially free of glutaric anhydride, for each 1 mole of monomethyl ester of a C.sub.8 -C.sub.11 dicarboxylic acid, in methanol in which 0.15-3.5% by weight of water is kept during the electrolic condensation, the mixture of acid esters being partially neutralized with alkali metal.

Abstract: A method for producing iodine or iodine derivatives which comprises oxidizing ammonium iodide with oxygen or oxygen-containing gas in a medium comprising a transition metal compound, a weak acid and water to produce the iodine or iodine derivatives.The iodine and iodine derivatives are useful as medical and agricultural chemicals, dyes, pigments, intermediates thereof and the like.

Abstract: The electrolytic reduction of a mixture of an acrylic ester and an aldehyde in the form of an aqueous emulsion in the presence of at least one phase-transfer catalyst using a lead or lead alloy cathode has been found to be very effective for preparing a 4-butanolide compound simply and safely in high yield with a high current efficiency.

Abstract: In a filter press-type electrolytic cell comprising a group of electrode plates arranged in parallel in face-to-face positions through insulators, a pair of metallic press heads for tightening the group of the electrode plates from both ends of the group, the press heads being provided at both ends of the group of the electrode plates, peripheral edges of the electrode plates being sealed by gaskets, supply and discharge of an electrolytic solution to and from spaces between the electrode plates being conducted through an inflow hole and an outflow hole bored on the individual electrode plates, an inlet and an outlet for the electrolytic solution are provided on only one of the press heads at both ends, the inlet is connected to a passage formed by the inflow holes of the individual electrode plates, the outlet is connected to a passage formed by the outflow holes of the individual electrode plates, an insulating plate of large thickness made from a non-electroconductive material is placed between the press h

Abstract: Sebacic acid is produced from adipic acid by half esterifying adipic acid with methanol to produce monomethyl adipate, carrying out electrolytic condensation of the monomethyl adipate in a methanol solution containing an alkali metal salt of the monomethyl adipate to give an electrolytic solution containing dimethyl sebacate, treating the electrolytic solution by a combination of water treatment and anion exchange treatment or a combination of cation exchange treatment and anion exchange treatment to remove the monomethyl adipate and its alkali metal salt from the electrolytic solution, separating the dimethyl sebacate, and hydrolyzing the dimethyl sebacate to give sebacic acid.