Abstract: A method of and system for controlling a hydraulic power system comprising an internal combustion engine receiving a supply of fuel from a fuel injection pump, and at least one variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the internal combustion engine. An engine speed deviation is obtained from the difference between a target speed set by an accelerator operation of the internal combustion engine and an output speed thereof. Then a fuel injection target value in predetermined functional relation to the engine speed deviation, is obtained based on at least the engine speed deviation, and a fuel injection rate of the fuel injection pump is controlled based on the fuel injection target value.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for a multi-jointed arm mechanism having a plurality of arm elements in order to enhance the operating speed of each arm element, a true control error between a fore end of the arm element and a target position therefor, resulting from a movement of the arm element, and a predicted control error thereof have their difference evaluated, and the arm element is controlled so as to make the difference zero.

Abstract: A control system for a hydraulic circuit having a variable displacement hydraulic pump, and an actuator driven by the pump, in which a pump control controls a displacement volume varying member of the pump based on an operating signal giving a command with respect to the position thereof and a detector signal indicative of the actual position thereof while restricting the operating speed of the member to a level below a predetermined maximum speed.

Abstract: An actuator including a plurality of shape memory materials used as a drive source. The plurality of the shape memory materials being arranged in parallel between a stationary member and a movable member so as to enable the actuator to operate at high speed.

Abstract: A control system for a hydraulic circuit including at least first and second variable displacement volume type hydraulic pumps, at least first and second hydraulic actuators driven by the pumps, and valves for controlling hydraulic connections between the pumps and the actuators. The control system includes a device for deciding the order of priority of hydraulic connections between the first actuator and the first and second hydraulic pumps and the order of priority of hydraulic connections between the second pump and the first and second actuators. A first sensor is provided for sensing maximization of the displacement volume of the first pump, sensing that the displacement volume of the second pump has become substantially zero. A device decides target displacement volumes of the first and second pumps based on information supplied at least by the priority order deciding device and first and second sensor.

Abstract: In force sensing apparatus for a driving device which employs a shape memory alloy, note is taken of the fact that a force to be generated by the shape memory alloy varies depending upon the temperature or resistance and the displacement of the shape memory alloy, and force information on an output of the driving device is detected on the basis of information of the temperature or resistance and the displacment of the shape memory alloy.

Abstract: A control system for a hydraulic circuit having at least first and second hydraulic pumps of the variable displacement type, a first hydraulic actuator arranged for hydraulic connection with the first pump through first valve to be driven thereby, and a second hydraulic actuator arranged for selective hydraulic connection with said first and second pumps through second and third valve respectively to be driven thereby.

Abstract: A picture processing apparatus for use in recognizing an ambient environment as a picture in accordance with the invention, includes a picture input for receiving a distorted picture of a wide angle of view, a picture processing unit which corrects the distorted picture of the wide angle of view from the picture input into an undistorted picture of the wide angle of view, and a display for displaying the undistorted picture of the wide angle of view produced by the picture processing unit.

Abstract: A flushing valve system suitable for use in a closed circuit hydrostatic transmission including a variable displacement hydraulic pump, a hydraulic actuator and two main lines. The flushing valve system includes poppet valves mounted in passages for respectively communicating the main lines with a fluid tank, passages mounting throttles for causing the pressure in the main lines to act on pressure chambers to keep poppets of the poppet valves from moving to an open position, and a change-over valve responsive to the pressure differential between the main lines to communicate the pressure chamber of the poppet valve connected to the main line on the lower pressure side with the fluid tank. The poppet valve connected to the main line on the lower pressure side opens when a predetermined pressure level is exceeded by the pressure in the main line, to thereby allow working fluid in the main line to be drained to the fluid tank.

Abstract: A control system for a hydrostatic power transmission having a variable displacement hydraulic pump (2) and a hydraulic actuator (3) connected in a closed or semi-closed circuit, wherein the displacement of the pump or the delivery thereby is adjustable in accordance with a manipulated variable of an operating lever (13). A control unit of the system (16) is operative to calculate a hydraulic pump displacement command (X) on the basis of a manipulated variable signal (X.sub.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive system including a main line, a variable displacement hydraulic pump and another main line connected to a single rod cylinder in a closed hydraulic circuit, and a flushing valve having a first switching position in which one main line is communicated with a low pressure line and a second switching position in which the other main line is communicated with the low pressure line. The flushing valve is operative to maintain at least one of the two main lines in communication with the low pressure line at all times while moving from one switching position to the other switching position, to keep a lock-up phenomenon from taking place in the closed hydraulic circuit. The system further includes a pressure generating device for generating between the two main lines a pressure differential necessary for effecting switching of the flushing valve.

Abstract: A circuit pressure control system for a hydrostatic power transmission having a variable-displacement hydraulic pump driven by a prime mover, a hydraulic actuator for actuating a load and a displacement adjusting mechanism for the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump and actuator are connected together in closed or semi-closed circuit, and the displacement adjusting mechanism is actuated by a signal indicative of the operating lever manipulated variable and a signal indicative of the actual displacement of the hydraulic pump to control the speed of the hydraulic actuator.

Abstract: A control method and a control system for a hydrostatic drive system including a variable displacement hydraulic pump and a hydraulic actuator connected together to form a closed hydraulic fluid circuit. When the flow rate of the hydraulic pump is increased, the rate of change in the tilt of the hydraulic pump is controlled so that the discharge pressure does not exceed a first set of preset values with respect to the flow rate of the pump, meanwhile when the flow rate of the pump is reduced, the rate of change in the tilt of the hydraulic pump is controlled so that the suction pressure does not exceed a second set of preset values with respect to the flow rate of the pump.

Abstract: A roller assembly fitting device for selectively locking the retraction of the pivot, which is inserted in a bore in a mounting bracket to support the roller assembly in both brackets. The device has a roller-end sleeve fixed to the roller assembly, a guide sleeve rotatably mounted in the roller-end sleeve, a pivot retractably mounted in the guide sleeve, and a coil spring interposed between the guide sleeve and the pivot to bias them in opposite directions. The guide sleeve has its radial projection for selectively fitting engagement with axial and peripheral grooves formed in the outer periphery of the pivot. The pivot is retractable when the guide sleeve is in the first position in which the projection is in the axial groove but locked when the guide sleeve is in the second position in which the projection is in the peripheral groove.

Abstract: A control method of a system for generating hydraulic power, the system including an internal combustion engine controlled by fuel injection from a fuel injection pump, and a plurality of hydraulic pumps of the variable displacement type. An engine speed deviation is obtained by calculating a difference between a target engine speed set by a manipulated variable of an accelerator for the internal combustion engine and an output engine speed of the engine. The engine speed deviation is converted into a pump control coefficient which is in a functional relation with this deviation. A calculation is performed with the converted value and an externally manipulated variable for inclination of a swash plate of the hydraulic pump, and the calculated value is supplied to a regulator of the hydraulic pump as a target value for inclination of the swash plate thereof to thereby control the inclination angle of the swash plate of the hydraulic pump.

Abstract: A drive system for construction machinery in which hydraulic circuit is provided with a plurality of variable-displacement hydraulic pumps and a plurality of hydraulic actuators, each pump being connected in closed circuit to one or a plurality of the actuators via a solenoid-operated valve or valves to drive a movable member or members connected to the actuator or respective actuators when pressurized fluid is supplied to the actuator or actuators from the pump. At least one of the selected hydraulic actuators is further connected in closed circuit through a solenoid-operated valve to at least one of the hydraulic pumps other than the hydraulic pump which is connected in closed circuit to the hydraulic actuator. The hydraulic circuit means is controlled such that timing for switching the solenoid-operated valves is controlled in conjunction with the operation of the pump so as to absorb the shock which would otherwise be produced when each actuator is rendered operative and inoperative.

Abstract: A magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus, in which a magnetic tape is automatically mounted on a tape guiding drum containing rotary magnetic heads for the recording and reproduction of signals on and from the tape, is provided with a pair of tape drawing and mounting members which are engageable with a tape in a cassette mounted on the apparatus and movable along guide slots in guide board to draw the tape out of the cassette to a position in which the tape is mounted on and extends around the tape guiding drum. The tape drawing and mounting members are operatively connected to chains. Drive mechanism is provided to wind and unwind the chains so that the chains are moved along guide members to thereby move the tape drawing and mounting members, respectively, away from the cassette for the required tape drawing and mounting operation.

Abstract: Automatic molten metal pouring apparatus comprising molten metal level detector, mold position detector, ladle tilting angle detector, a ladle tilting servomechanism and a control device. The apparatus permits a suitable pouring flow rate of molten metal to be automatically poured into each of the molds of different types which may be conveyed one after another to the pouring position along the casting line.