Abstract: A necessary number of metal structures including a trapping body for trapping a target substance provided on a support are one-dimensionally placed to form a transmission path of plasmon, and a signal based on the plasmon transmitted on the transmission path is detected so as to detect whether or not there is trapping of the target substance from a sample to the trapping body. It is thereby possible to detect a reaction of the trapping body belonging to the detecting unit and the target substance with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A necessary number of metal structures including a trapping body for trapping a target substance provided on a support are one-dimensionally placed to form a transmission path of plasmon, and a signal based on the plasmon transmitted on the transmission path is detected so as to detect whether or not there is trapping of the target substance from a sample to the trapping body. It is thereby possible to detect a reaction of the trapping body belonging to the detecting unit and the target substance with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A dispersing medium containing plural types of particles is let to flow in a flow path formed in a flow cell. The flow cell is irradiated with interfering light to form interference fringes of a pattern of stripes. In another arrangement, light is two-dimensionally scanned at high speed so as to cross a flow in the flow path. The moving particles receive a braking force by the light gradient force whenever they pass through each irradiation light stripe. In that case, greater braking forces act on particles having larger sizes (or larger refractive indices) than on particles having smaller sizes (or smaller refractive indices). Accordingly, the particles receiving smaller braking forces pass through the irradiated position more rapidly, so that particles can be separated to flow in the order from the particles receiving smaller braking forces to the particles receiving greater braking forces.

Abstract: This specification discloses an image display apparatus of the see-through type having display means for displaying an image on a display surface, an image observation optical system for re-imaging the image forwardly of an observer, an exterior scene observation optical system for observing therethrough an exterior scene forward of the observer, visual axis detecting means for detecting the visual axis directions of the observer's both eyes, and control means for detecting the gaze distance of the both eyes on the basis of the visual axis directions of the observer's both eyes detected by the visual axis detecting means, and controlling the re-imaged position of the image on the basis of the gaze distance.

Abstract: The invention provides a light emitting device with a simple device structure capable of emitting light of various colors. The light emitting device can be produced by simple processing steps: A mold is pressed convex-and-concave against a glass substrate thereby forming a corresponding convex-and-concave structure on the glass substrate; a dielectric layer and a positive electrode layer are successively formed on the glass substrate, thereby forming a positive electrode substrate; a negative electrode substrate provided with a negative electrode layer formed thereon, is prepared; an active layer material is coated on the negative electrode substrate; and the positive and negative electrode substrates are bonded to each other via a spacer.

Abstract: The invention provides a light emitting device with a simple device structure capable of emitting light of various colors. The light emitting device can be produced by simple processing steps: A mold is pressed convex-and-concave against a glass substrate thereby forming a corresponding convex-and-concave structure on the glass substrate; a dielectric layer and a positive electrode layer are successively formed on the glass substrate, thereby forming a positive electrode substrate; a negative electrode substrate provided with a negative electrode layer formed thereon, is prepared; an active layer material is coated on the negative electrode substrate; and the positive and negative electrode substrates are bonded to each other via a spacer.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming halftone images which enables image recording on a process film without reducing the size of the recording area beyond that which is necessary. The method and apparatus is preferred particularly in the preparation of a master printing plate such as a printing plate which includes a photosensitive member having an organic silver salt. According to the method and apparatus, an image recording apparatus propagates error data when there exists a restriction on the minimum recording size and thereby preserves halftone concentration and reproduces intermediate gradation of darkness with stability.

Abstract: A method for driving an ionic conductive liquid comprises placing a pair of electrodes in the ionic conductive liquid, and exerting an electromagnetic force to the liquid by application of a voltage between the pair of the electrodes to drive the liquid. A method for mixing and agitating a medium comprises feeding the medium to an ionic conductive liquid, placing a pair of electrodes in the ionic conductive liquid, and exerting an electromagnetic force to the liquid by application of a voltage to drive the liquid and to mix and agitate the medium. An apparatus for delivering a liquid comprises a container for housing an ionic conductive liquid, at least one pair of electrodes in the container, and a power source for applying an voltage between the pair of electrodes, the apparatus delivering the liquid from the container by driving the liquid according to the method for driving.

Abstract: Provided an image forming method comprising the steps of;forming electric charges on a recording layer by charging the recording medium comprising a conductive substrate and, provided thereon a photoconductive layer and a recording layer containing a polymeric liquid crystal compound, in this order;irradiating, after the step of charging, said recording medium with a light corresponding to an image information to move electric charges to said photoconductive layer; andwriting said image information by means of changing a birefringence of the recording layer caused by said movement of electric charges.

Abstract: A photosensitive material comprises a photosensitive composition comprising a photosensitive and heat-developable element and a photopolymerizable element. An imagewise unexposed area on the material is polymerized by imagewise exposure, heating and whole areal exposure. The photosensitive and heat-developable element comprises at least a photosensitive silver halide, an organic silver salt and a reducing agent of the formula ##STR1## The photopolymerizable element comprises at least a polymerizable polymer precursor and a photopolymerization initiator. An image forming method comprises the steps; subjecting a photosensitive material in the same layer to imagewise exposure and heating to form an image; and subjecting the resultant photosensitive material to whole areal exposure to polymerize and imagewise unexposed or exposed area thereof.

Abstract: A minute flow path is filled with liquid so that the liquid may be supplied from an accumulating portion. Energy is imparted to the liquid exposed outwardly of an opening in the flow path by a heat generating element or by energy application to thereby heat and gasify the liquid. Thereupon, the liquid is supplied by an amount corresponding to the gasified liquid by capillary phenomenon through the flow path, and gasification is continuously effected, whereby a flow free of pulsating flow can be formed in the flow path.

Abstract: An information recording/reproducing method is disclosed for an information recording/reproducing apparatus including a recording medium having a disk-like shape, a unit for rotating the recording medium at a constant angular velocity, a unit for recording code information so that the bit length of the code information becomes approximately constant with respect to a radial position on the recording medium, a unit for modulating the code information to be recorded to form a modulated signal, and a recording unit for forming in the recording medium a localized recording region having a different physical property with respect to an unrecorded region, the recording unit being controlled by the modulated signal so that the code information is recorded to correspond to the edge of the recording region, wherein the bit rate of the code information to be recorded changes depending on a location on the recording medium, and a part of each of a recording characteristic of the apparatus and a reproducing characteristi

Abstract: Provided an image forming method comprising the steps of;forming electric charges on a recording layer by charging the recording medium comprising a conductive substrate and, provided thereon a photoconductive layer and a recording layer containing a polymeric liquid crystal compound, in this order;irradiating, after the step of charging, said recording medium with a light corresponding to an image information to move electric charges to said photoconductive layer; andwriting said image information by means of changing a birefringence of the recording layer caused by said movement of electric charges.

Abstract: A flow of liquid containing floating fine particles is formed in a flow path, thereby causing successive movement of the particles. A light beam having intensity distribution from a laser is focused on the liquid flow, whereby the particle is optically trapped at the irradiating position, thus being stopped against the liquid flow or being slowed by a braking force. This phenomenon is utilized in controlling the spacing of the particles in the flow or in separating the particles.

Abstract: A micro channel element includes a semiconductor substrate and a channel. The micro channel element is produced as follows. A mask having an opening with a desired pattern is formed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate on which the mask is formed is dipped in a solution of hydrofluoric acid or a solution mixture of hydrofluoric acid and ethyl alcohol. A cathode is arranged near the surface of the substrate dipped in the solution. An anode is connected to the other surface of the semiconductor substrate. A porosity is imparted to a portion of the surface of the semiconductor substrate which corresponds to the opening of the mask by applying a voltage across the cathode and anode. A high-temperature treatment is performed for the semiconductor substrate removed from the solution to increase the pore size and extend the branches of pores of the porous portion on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, thereby forming the micro channel.

Abstract: A photosensitive material comprises a photosensitive silver halide, an organic silver salt, a reducing agent, a polymerizable polymer precursor, a photopolymerization initiator and a heat-diffusible coloring matter. As a preferred embodiment, the photosensitive material comprises a photosensitive layer containing the photosensitive silver halide, the organic silver salt and the reducing agent, a polymerizing layer containing the polymerizable polymer precursor and the photopolymerization initiator, and a coloring material layer containing the heat-diffusible coloring material. A image forming method employing the photosensitive material comprises the steps of a) subjecting the photosensitive material to imagewise exposure; b) heating the photosensitive material; c) subjecting to whole areas exposure at least the polymerizing layer; and d) heating at least the coloring material layer to transfer the heat-diffusible coloring matter to an image-receiving material, thus forming a color image.

Abstract: An information recording/reproducing method is disclosed for an information recording/reproducing apparatus including a recording medium having a disk-like shape, a unit for rotating the recording medium at a constant angular velocity, a unit for recording code information so that the bit length of the code information becomes approximately constant with respect to a radial position on the recording medium, a unit for modulating the code information to be recorded to form a modulated signal, and a recording unit for forming in the recording medium a localized recording region having a different physical property with respect to an unrecorded region, the recording unit being controlled by the modulated signal so that the code information is recorded to correspond to the edge of the recording region, wherein the bit rate of the code information to be recorded changes depending on a location on the recording medium, and a part of each of a recording characteristic of the apparatus and a reproducing characteristi

Abstract: An image recording apparatus for recording an image by application of light beam to a photosensitive member includes a photosensitive member; a light source for emitting first and second beams, one of the first and second beams bearing image information; and a scanner for scanning the photosensitive member with the first and second beams with a time interval so that they are overlapped on the photosensitive material.

Abstract: An image is formed by subjecting to imagewise exposure an image forming medium containing at least a heat-diffusible coloring matter, a photosensitive silver halide, an organic silver salt, a reducing agent, a polymerizable polymer precursor and a photopolymerization initiator; heating the image forming medium thus treated; subjecting it to polymerization exposure to form a polymerized area and an unpolymerized area in the image forming medium; separating the polymerized area from the unpolymerized area; and superposing an image receiving medium onto the unpolymerized area to transfer the heat-diffusible coloring matter in the unpolymerized area to the image receiving medium.

Abstract: An image forming method is conducted by subjecting a dry silver salt image forming medium to imagewise exposure and heating to form a light-absorbing organic compound. Thereafter, the medium is subjected to polymerization exposure to imagewise polymerize the medium based on the formation pattern of the light-absorbing compound. The light-absorbing organic compound has specific sensitivities to light in order to maximize contrast.