Abstract: The invention relates to methods of preparing metal particles on a support material, including platinum-containing nanoparticles on a carbon support. Such materials can be used as electrocatalysts, for example as improved electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs).

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of preparing metal particles on a support material, including platinum-containing nanoparticles on a carbon support. Such materials can be used as electrocatalysts, for example as improved electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs).

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of preparing metal particles on a support material, including platinum-containing nanoparticles on a carbon support. Such materials can be used as electrocatalysts, for example as improved electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs).

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of preparing metal particles on a support material, including platinum-containing nanoparticles on a carbon support. Such materials can be used as electrocatalysts, for example as improved electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs).

Abstract: A fuel-cell electrode and a method of manufacturing the fuel-cell electrode achieves a high catalyst utilization ratio and makes it possible to obtain higher output characteristics with a smaller amount of catalyst. The fuel-cell electrode includes a catalytic layer composed of an ion conductive substance, an electron conductive substance and catalytic activation substances. The catalytic activation substances are electrolytically deposited on the electron conductive substance.

Abstract: This invention provides a liposome having a drug included therein, which has active targeting property and ensured stability in blood and can be used effectively in the diagnosis and/or treatment of diseases, particularly renal diseases, that accompany production of proteoglycan, comprising (1) a basic compound which takes positive charge within a physiological pH range, (2) a lipid derivative of a hydrophilic polymer and (3) a lipid which constitutes the liposome, as its membrane constituting components, wherein their constituting ratios are from 1 to 20 mol % of (1) based on (3) and from 0.2 to 5 mol % of (2) based on the total of (1) and (3).

Abstract: This invention provides a liposome having a drug included therein, which has active targeting property and ensured stability in blood and can be used effectively in the diagnosis and/or treatment of diseases, particularly renal diseases, that accompany production of proteoglycan, comprising (1) a basic compound which takes positive charge within a physiological pH range, (2) a lipid derivative of a hydrophilic polymer and (3) a lipid which constitutes the liposome, as its membrane constituting components, wherein their constituting ratios are from 1 to 20 mol % of (1) based on (3) and from 0.2 to 5 mol % of (2) based on the total of (1) and (3).

Abstract: A fuel-cell electrode and a method of manufacturing the fuel-cell electrode achieves a high catalyst utilization ratio and makes it possible to obtain higher output characteristics with a smaller amount of catalyst. The fuel-cell electrode includes a catalytic layer composed of an ion conductive substance, an electron conductive substance and catalytic activation substances. The catalytic activation substances are electrolytically deposited on the electron conductive substance.

Abstract: An apparatus for decreasing nitrogen oxides in a combustion device of Stirling engine which performs continuous combustion includes a combustion chamber, means for supplying the combustion chamber with fuel and air, an exhaust passageway for discharging exhaust gas produced by combustion in the combustion chamber, a catalytic unit arranged in the exhaust passageway for purging toxic components contained in the exhaust gas discharged, and hydrogen supply means for supplying hydrogen gas to the exhaust gas which enters the catalytic unit. The hydrogen gas is supplied to the combustion exhaust gas which has entered the catalytic unit, and the combustion exhaust gas is then catalytically reduced in an environment of a comparatively low temperatures of less than 250.degree. C., whereby the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are decreased.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator includes a water tank adapted to form a water chamber, and a water electrolysis cell disposed in the water tank. The water electrolysis cell includes a proton conductive membrane, an oxygen generator chamber side separator adapted to form an oxygen generator chamber, and a hydrogen generator chamber side separator adapted to form a hydrogen generator chamber, and a hydrogen outlet passage adapted to discharge generated hydrogen out of the hydrogen generator chamber. The oxygen generator chamber side separator includes a communicator passage adapted to communicate the oxygen generator chamber with the water chamber. The hydrogen generator obviates the manifolds of the conventional hydrogen generators in which the generated oxygen is likely to stagnate and hinder the water supply, and accordingly it can inhibit the hydrogen gas generating capability from deteriorating.

Abstract: A direct current voltage is applied between an anodic portion containing an oxidizing catalyst provided on one surface of a proton conductive solid electrolyte which separates the flow path of the gas to be treated into two parts, and a cathodic portion containing a reducing catalyst provided on the other surface of the solid electrolyte, the reducing catalyst comprising at least one selected from oxides of elements of Group 5A, Group 6A, and Group 7A of the periodic table, palladium, palladium alloys, transition elements carried on alumina, cerium oxide, and La.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x Co.sub.1-y Fe.sub.y O.sub.3 (where, 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1), while bringing a gas containing water vapor into contact with the anodic portion and bringing a gas containing nitrogen oxides into contact with the cathodic portion.

Abstract: Hydrogen gas from a hydrogen generator which creates hydrogen gas by the electrolysis of water or water vapor is supplied at the entrance to a catalyzer provided in an exhaust line. The catalyzer performs a catalytic reaction between hydrogen gas and nitrogen oxides to achieve decomposition into nitrogen gas and water vapor in the exhaust from an internal combustion engine. The nitrogen oxides are directly reduced with said hydrogen gas in a low temperature atmosphere not higher than 350.degree. C. to achieve efficient reduction in the nitrogen oxides. The improved method and apparatus provide a catalytic system with which the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust from a lean burnt engine or a diesel engine can be effectively reduced irrespective of the concentration of oxygen gas in the exhaust without impairing the good fuel economy of those engines.

Abstract: A preparation for blood dialysis comprising two composition, i.e. a first powdery composition comprising (a) solid electrolytes for dialysis and a liquid acid, (b) solid electrolytes for dialysis, glucose and a liquid acid, or (c) solid inorganic salts for dialysis, glucose, sodium acetate and acetic acid, and a second composition comprising (a) sodium hydrogen carbonate and glucose, (b) sodium carbonate, or (c) sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium acetate.