Abstract: An electrophotographic member including: a base member; an elastic layer having a thickness of from 100 ?m to 500 ?m, and containing a cured product of an addition-curable silicone rubber composition; and a cured product layer arranged between the base member and the elastic layer, the cured product layer containing a cured product of a composition containing an organopolysiloxane having a Si—H group and a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group. A peel adhesive strength between the elastic layer and the base member is a specific range. The elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure in a peel test from the base member. The ratio (HU2/HU1) of a universal hardness HU2 on the inner surface of the elastic layer to a universal hardness HU1 at a position reached by cutting the elastic layer from its outer surface in its depth direction by 10 ?m is a specific range.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member including: a base member; an elastic layer having a thickness of from 100 ?m to 500 ?m, and containing a cured product of an addition-curable silicone rubber composition; and a cured product layer arranged between the base member and the elastic layer, the cured product layer containing a cured product of a composition containing an organopolysiloxane having a Si—H group and a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group. A peel adhesive strength between the elastic layer and the base member is a specific range. The elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure in a peel test from the base member. The ratio (HU2/HU1) of a universal hardness HU2 on the inner surface of the elastic layer to a universal hardness HU1 at a position reached by cutting the elastic layer from its outer surface in its depth direction by 10 ?m is a specific range.

Abstract: A rotatable fixing member includes an elastic layer, a primer layer provided on the elastic layer, and a parting layer provided on the primer layer. The primer layer contains a crystalline fluorocarbon polymer having a functional group and has a thickness of 850 nm or less. The parting layer is a coating layer of a crystalline fluorocarbon polymer.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member having a silicone rubber elastic layer blended with a carbon nanotube, the fixing member suppressing peeling at an interface in association with insufficient adhesion between a base member and the silicone rubber elastic layer at the time of the use of the fixing member, and hence securing adhesion durability. The fixing member includes a base member, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, in which: the elastic layer contains a silicone rubber and a carbon nanotube; a ratio E200/E50 of an elastic modulus E200 of the elastic layer at 200° C. to an elastic modulus E50 of the elastic layer at 50° C. is 0.5 or more and less than 1.0; an adhesive strength between the elastic layer and the base member is 3.0 N/cm or more and 20.0 N/cm or less; and the elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure at the time of a peel test.

Abstract: A fixing member manufacturing method includes: a first step of externally fitting a resin tube around an elastic material; and a second step of squeezing an excessive adhesive between the elastic material and the resin tube. The second step includes: a step of externally fitting, around the resin tube in a longitudinal end side, a ring member having an inner diameter larger than an outer diameter of the resin tube externally fitted around the elastic material; and a step of moving the ring member from the longitudinal end side toward another longitudinal end side of the resin tube while bringing the ring member into contact with an outer peripheral surface of the resin tube by air pressure.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member having a silicone rubber elastic layer blended with a carbon nanotube, the fixing member suppressing peeling at an interface in association with insufficient adhesion between a base member and the silicone rubber elastic layer at the time of the use of the fixing member, and hence securing adhesion durability. The fixing member includes a base member, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, in which: the elastic layer contains a silicone rubber and a carbon nanotube; a ratio E200/E50 of an elastic modulus E200 of the elastic layer at 200° C. to an elastic modulus E50 of the elastic layer at 50° C. is 0.5 or more and less than 1.0; an adhesive strength between the elastic layer and the base member is 3.0 N/cm or more and 20.0 N/cm or less; and the elastic layer undergoes a cohesive failure at the time of a peel test.

Abstract: An elastic layer of the fixing member contains a silicone rubber, an inorganic filler and vapor grown carbon fibers, relationships of 3X+30Y?170, 25?X?50 and 0.5?Y?3.1 are satisfied when a volume percent of the inorganic filler compounded in the elastic layer is expressed by X (%) and a volume percent of the vapor grown carbon fibers compounded in the elastic layer is expressed by Y (%), and a ratio of a fiber length to a fiber diameter of the vapor grown carbon fibers, aspect ratio, is 50 or more.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a fixing member that has a flexible surface and that can supply a larger amount of heat to a material to be recorded and a toner in a shorter period of time. The fixing member comprises a substrate, an elastic layer and a releasing layer, wherein thermal effusivity in a depth region from a surface of the releasing layer is 1.5 [kJ/(m2·K·sec0.5)] or more, the depth region corresponding to a thermal diffusion length when an alternating-current temperature wave having a frequency of 10 Hz is applied to the surface of the releasing layer, and a surface micro rubber hardness is 85 degrees or less.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes a cylindrical base composed of a metal and a polyimide resin layer formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical base, in which the polyimide resin layer has an imidization rate of 70% to 93%, and comprises a polyimide resin containing a specific constitutional unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a fixing member that has a flexible surface and that can supply a larger amount of heat to a material to be recorded and a toner in a shorter period of time. The fixing member comprises a substrate, an elastic layer and a releasing layer, wherein thermal effusivity in a depth region from a surface of the releasing layer is 1.5 [kJ/(m2·K·sec0.5)] or more, the depth region corresponding to a thermal diffusion length when an alternating-current temperature wave having a frequency of 10 Hz is applied to the surface of the releasing layer, and a surface micro rubber hardness is 85 degrees or less.

Abstract: An elastic layer of the fixing member contains a silicone rubber, an inorganic filler and vapor grown carbon fibers, relationships of 3X+30Y?170, 25?X?50 and 0.5?Y?3.1 are satisfied when a volume percent of the inorganic filler compounded in the elastic layer is expressed by X (%) and a volume percent of the vapor grown carbon fibers compounded in the elastic layer is expressed by Y (%), and a ratio of a fiber length to a fiber diameter of the vapor grown carbon fibers, aspect ratio, is 50 or more.

Abstract: A fixing member manufacturing method includes: a first step of externally fitting a resin tube around an elastic material; and a second step of squeezing an excessive adhesive between the elastic material and the resin tube. The second step includes: a step of externally fitting, around the resin tube in a longitudinal end side, a ring member having an inner diameter larger than an outer diameter of the resin tube externally fitted around the elastic material; and a step of moving the ring member from the longitudinal end side toward another longitudinal end side of the resin tube while bringing the ring member into contact with an outer peripheral surface of the resin tube by air pressure.

Abstract: A rotatable fixing member includes an elastic layer, a primer layer provided on the elastic layer, and a parting layer provided on the primer layer. The primer layer contains a crystalline fluorocarbon polymer having a functional group and has a thickness of 850 nm or less. The parting layer is a coating layer of a crystalline fluorocarbon polymer.

Abstract: The image heating apparatus includes a rubber layer and a resin tube layer on a metal core. The rubber layer includes a solid rubber layer having a thermal conductivity in a thickness direction of 0.16 W/(m·K) or more and 0.40 W/(m·K) or less, and a self-bonded silicone rubber layer that contains a filler of 5 vol % or more and 40 vol % or less, and has a thermal conductivity in an axial direction of 2.5 W/(m·K) or more and a thickness of 0.5 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, the filler having a length of 0.05 mm or more and 1 mm or less and a thermal conductivity in a length direction of 500 W/(m·K) or more, so that a pressure roller to moderate temperature rise in a non-sheet feeding area when a small sized recording material has undergone sheet feeding can be easily manufactured.

Abstract: A pressing member for creating a nip in which the pressing member contacts a heating member and a recording material is heated while being nip-conveyed, includes an elastic layer and a high thermal conductive elastic layer, which is provided on the elastic layer and has a thermal conductivity which is higher than that of the elastic layer. In the high thermal conductive elastic layer, carbon fibers and carbon nanofibers are dispersed in a heat-resistant elastic material.

Abstract: A pressure roller forms a nip for contacting a heating member to pinch and convey a heat recording material. The roller includes a core metal and an elastic layer containing filler. The elastic layer containing the filler includes thermal conductive filler with a length of not less than 0.05 mm and not more than 1 mm with a thermal conductivity ?f in the longitudinal direction in a range of ?f?500 W/(m·k), being dispersed in not less than 5 vol % and not more than 40 vol %. The elastic layer containing the filler has a thermal conductivity ?y in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to a recording material conveyance direction, of ?y?2.5 W/(m·k) and an ASKER-C hardness of the filler is not more than 60 degrees. A solid rubber elastic layer with a thermal conductivity ? in a thickness direction of not less than 0.16 W/(m·k) and not more than 0.40 W/(m·k) is included.

Abstract: A pressure roller forms a nip for contacting a heating member to pinch and convey a heat recording material. The roller includes a core metal and an elastic layer containing filler. The elastic layer containing the filler includes thermal conductive filler with a length of not less than 0.05 mm and not more than 1 mm with a thermal conductivity ?f in the longitudinal direction in a range of ?f?500 W/(m·k), being dispersed in not less than 5 vol % and not more than 40 vol %. The elastic layer containing the filler has a thermal conductivity ?y in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to a recording material conveyance direction, of ?y?2.5 W/(m·k) and an ASKER-C hardness of the filler is not more than 60 degrees. A solid rubber elastic layer with a thermal conductivity ? in a thickness direction of not less than 0.16 W/(m·k) and not more than 0.40 W/(m·k) is included.

Abstract: A pressure roller forms a nip for contacting a heating member to pinch and convey a heat recording material. The roller includes a core metal and an elastic layer containing filler. The elastic layer containing the filler includes thermal conductive filler with a length of not less than 0.05 mm and not more than 1 mm with a thermal conductivity ?f in the longitudinal direction in a range of ?f?500 W/(m·k), being dispersed in not less than 5 vol % and not more than 40 vol %. The elastic layer containing the filler has a thermal conductivity ?y in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to a recording material conveyance direction, of ?y?2.5 W/(m·k) and an ASKER-C hardness of the filler is not more than 60 degrees. A solid rubber elastic layer with a thermal conductivity ? in a thickness direction of not less than 0.16 W/(m·k) and not more than 0.40 W/(m·k) is included.

Abstract: A fixing roller of an image fixing apparatus has an elastic layer on a core metal and has a thermal conductive fluororubber latex layer containing a mixture of fluororubber, fluororesin and thermal conductive fillers more outer side than the elastic. An intermediate layer made of silicone rubber having higher thermal conductivity than the thermal conductive fluororubber latex layer is provided between the thermal conductive fluororubber latex layer and the elastic layer, and the intermediate layer is configured so that an elastic parameter Y(=H×T) satisfies a relational expression: Y?4200 where H (degree) is Asker-C hardness of the silicone rubber having higher thermal conductivity (500 g load) and T (?m) is a thickness of the silicone rubber having higher thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A pressure roller forming a nip portion for contacting to a heating member to pinch and convey and heat recording material includes: a core metal and an elastic layer containing filler, the elastic layer containing the filler including thermal conductive filler with length of not less than 0.05 mm and not more than 1 mm and with thermal conductivity ?f in the longitudinal direction in a range of ?f?500 W/(m·k) being dispersed in not less than 5 vol. % and not more than 40 vol % and the elastic layer containing the filler providing thermal conductivity ?y in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to a recording material conveyance direction being ?y?2.5 W/(m·k) and ASKER-C hardness of the filler being not more than 60 degrees, wherein a solid rubber elastic layer with thermal conductivity ? in a thickness direction being not less than 0.16 W/(m·k) and not more than 0.