Abstract: A spacecraft includes: a main-reflection unit configured to reflect and emit a radio wave outside, a sub-reflection unit configured to face the main-reflection unit, a radiator arranged to face the sub-reflection unit and configured to radiate the radio wave in a direction of the sub-reflection unit, a main body configured to be able to accommodate at least one part of the sub-reflection unit therein, and a delivery device connected to the sub-reflection unit and configured to deliver the sub-reflection unit, at least one part of which is accommodated in the main body, to a position where the sub-reflection unit is able to reflect the radio wave radiated from the radiator to the main-reflection unit and cause the main-reflection unit to radiate the radio wave outside.

Abstract: Spacecraft and antenna apparatus that can be more easily deployed from a stored state can include: a main-reflection unit including a plurality of ribs formed to be deployable in a stored state in which the ribs are folded and a sheet body provided between a plurality of the ribs and configured to be capable of reflecting a radio wave radiated from a radiator and emitting the radio wave outside, and a restriction member configured to restrict deployment of the plurality of ribs in the stored state, and release the restriction by operation of a restriction release member different from the main-reflection unit.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine comprises, an exhaust passage including a catalyst for conveying exhaust gas discharged from the engine to the outside, and a bend formed by bending a portion of the exhaust passage directly upstream of the catalyst, the bend causing exhaust gas discharged from the engine to collide against a corner portion between an inlet end face of the catalyst and such portion of a wall of the exhaust passage that follows the outside of the bend, thereby increasing pressure at the corner portion, compared with the other portion of the inlet end face, and an additive injection valve fitted to the outside of the bend of the exhaust passage to inject an additive in such manner that the injected additive passes just above the corner portion and falls on the inlet end face of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: The exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises an exhaust passage for guiding an exhaust gas exhausted from an engine to outside, a catalyst provided in the exhaust passage, an injection path connected on an upstream side of the catalyst in the exhaust passage, an additive injection valve installed in the injection path for supplying an additive to the catalyst through the injection path, and an inflow portion provided in a merging portion where the exhaust passage and the injection path merge for having a part of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust passage flow into the injection path.

Abstract: The exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises an exhaust passage for guiding an exhaust gas exhausted from an engine to outside, a catalyst provided in the exhaust passage, an injection path connected on an upstream side of the catalyst in the exhaust passage, an additive injection valve installed in the injection path for supplying an additive to the catalyst through the injection path, and an inflow portion provided in a merging portion where the exhaust passage and the injection path merge for having a part of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust passage flow into the injection path.

Abstract: An emission control system, includes: an exhaust pipe portion, adapted to guide exhaust gas from an engine to outside; a catalyst, accommodated in the exhaust pipe portion; an additive injection valve, provided at the exhaust pipe portion located at upstream side of the catalyst, and configured to inject additives to be supplied to the catalyst toward a flow of the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe portion. The exhaust pipe portion has a flow path section located at upstream side of the catalyst, which intersects an injection flow of the additives injected by the additive injection valve, and the flow path section is made to have substantially the same shape as an injection region of the injection flow which confronts the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine, comprising an exhaust passage including a catalyst for conveying exhaust gas discharged from the engine to the outside, and a bend formed by bending a portion of the exhaust passage directly upstream of the catalyst, the bend causing exhaust gas discharged from the engine to collide against a corner portion between an inlet end face of the catalyst and such portion of a wall of the exhaust passage that follows the outside of the bend, thereby increasing pressure at the corner portion, compared with the other portion of the inlet end face, and an additive injection valve fitted to the outside of the bend of the exhaust passage to inject an additive in such manner that the injected additive passes just above the corner portion and falls on the inlet end face of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus of an internal combustion engine is provided which includes: exhaust gas purifying means, provided in an exhaust passage of the engine, for adsorbing NOx in an exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean. The exhaust gas apparatus releases or reduces the adsorbed NOx when the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas is reduced. A light-off catalyst is provided upstream of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus in the exhaust passage, which has a lower O2 storage capability than the exhaust gas purifying apparatus. There is a control device for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas so that an atmosphere having a reduced oxygen concentration is produced around the exhaust gas purifying apparatus when the NOx conversion efficiency of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus is decreased.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that is capable of substantially reducing the degree of deterioration in an exhaust gas purifying capability, which results from dissipation of an absorbent agent. Accordingly, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, which includes a carrier and a catalyst layer, and to which at least one material selected from a group of alkali metals and alkali earth metals is added as an absorbent agent, is characterized in that acid material with a high affinity with respect to the absorbent agent is mixed in the catalyst layer so as to fix the absorbent agent, and an inhibiting layer is formed between the catalyst layer and the carrier so as to inhibit the movement of the absorbent agent toward the carrier.

Abstract: An exhaust passage (20) of an internal-combustion engine (1) is provided with an exhaust emission control unit (40) capable of reducing harmful substances in exhaust gas under a given exhaust pressure condition and an exhaust sensor (22) for detecting the concentration of a specific exhaust component (H2, O2) in the exhaust gas, and a performance lowering identifying unit identifies lowering of the performance of the exhaust emission control (40) by detecting a failure to fulfill the given exhaust pressure condition in accordance with the output of the exhaust sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that is capable of substantially reducing the degree of deterioration in an exhaust gas purifying capability, which results from dissipation of an absorbent agent. Accordingly, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, which includes a carrier and a catalyst layer, and to which at least one material selected from a group of alkali metals and alkali earth metals is added as an absorbent agent, is characterized in that acid material with a high affinity with respect to the absorbent agent is mixed in the catalyst layer so as to fix the absorbent agent, and an inhibiting layer is formed between the catalyst layer and the carrier so as to inhibit the movement of the absorbent agent toward the carrier.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus is provided which includes a three way catalyst provided in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine; and a NOx adsorption/reduction catalyst provided in the exhaust pipe to be located downstream of the three way catalyst. Nickel serving as a catalyst source is loaded on an alumina support layer of the NOx adsorption/reduction catalyst. When the engine operates with a fuel-rich air/fuel mixture at a relatively small air-fuel ratio, a reducing atmosphere is formed around the NOx catalyst, and the reaction to convert NiO into NiS occurs, thereby to consume H2S. As a result, consumption of SO2 proceeds, and the reaction to convert BaSO4 as an oxidized product of sulfur deposited on the NOx catalyst into BaCO3 as an NOx adsorbent is accelerated in an oxidizing atmosphere, thereby resuming the purifying capability of the NOx catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust passage (20) of an internal-combustion engine (1) is provided with exhaust emission control means (40) capable of reducing harmful substances in exhaust gas under a given exhaust pressure condition and an exhaust sensor (22) for detecting the concentration of a specific exhaust component (H2, O2) in the exhaust gas, and performance lowering identifying means identifies lowering of the performance of the exhaust emission control means (40) by detecting a failure to fulfill the given exhaust pressure condition in accordance with the output of the exhaust sensor.

Abstract: An exhaust emission purifier includes a catalyst unit disposed in an exhaust pipe of an engine. Electrodes (reaction adjustment unit) are provided on a honeycomb carrier of the catalyst unit in a layered form in order to apply an electric field to the vicinity of the catalyst surface to thereby adjust the catalytic reaction. An ECU serves as a status detection unit to detect factors which affect the exhaust gas purifying performance of the catalyst unit (i.e., operating conditions), and serves as a control unit which controls the electric field applied by the electrodes, on the basis of the detected operating conditions.

Abstract: The present plasma type exhaust gas cleaning apparatus comprises a dielectric (5) arranged between a discharge electrode (7) and a ground electrode (8). The dielectric has a plurality of independent cavities (6) formed therein. The exhaust gas from combustion equipment (1) flows through the interiors of the plurality of independent cavities (6). Thus, in the plasma type exhaust gas cleaning apparatus, the discharge electrode (7) and the ground electrode (8) are securely partitioned by the cavities (6). When a voltage from a high voltage generator (9) is applied to between the discharge electrode (7) and the ground electrode (8), plasma resulting from corona discharges occurs in each individual cavity (6) without arising directly across the discharge electrode (7) and the ground electrode (8). The exhaust gas is thereby cleaned up.

Abstract: A plasma exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention senses the emission conditions of two kinds of harmful components, which are included in exhaust gas exhausted from a cylinder fuel injection engine, according to the operating state, finds an energy consumption required for a plasma generating device to purify a plurality of harmful components to a predetermined reference value or less, outputs control commands so as to a voltage controller to generate the maximum energy consumption, and removes the plurality of harmful components with the minimum power consumption.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that is capable of substantially reducing the degree of deterioration in an exhaust gas purifying capability, which results from dissipation of an absorbent agent. Accordingly, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, which includes a carrier and a catalyst layer, and to which at least one material selected from a group of alkali metals and alkali earth metals is added as an absorbent agent, is characterized in that acid material with a high affinity with respect to the absorbent agent is mixed in the catalyst layer so as to fix the absorbent agent, and an inhibiting layer is formed between the catalyst layer and the carrier so as to inhibit the movement of the absorbent agent toward the carrier.

Abstract: An exhaust emission purifier includes a catalyst unit disposed in an exhaust pipe of an engine. Electrodes (reaction adjustment unit) are provided on a honeycomb carrier of the catalyst unit in a layered form in order to apply an electric field to the vicinity of the catalyst surface to thereby adjust the catalytic reaction. An ECU serves as a status detection unit to detect factors which affect the exhaust gas purifying performance of the catalyst unit (i.e., operating conditions), and serves as a control unit which controls the electric field applied by the electrodes, on the basis of the detected operating conditions.

Abstract: The present plasma type exhaust gas cleaning apparatus comprises a dielectric (5) arranged between a discharge electrode (7) and a ground electrode (8). The dielectric has a plurality of independent cavities (6) formed therein. The exhaust gas from combustion equipment (1) flows through the interiors of the plurality of independent cavities (6). Thus, in the plasma type exhaust gas cleaning apparatus, the discharge electrode (7) and the ground electrode (8) are securely partitioned by the cavities (6). When a voltage from a high voltage generator (9) is applied to between the discharge electrode (7) and the ground electrode (8), plasma resulting from corona discharges occurs in each individual cavity (6) without arising directly across the discharge electrode (7) and the ground electrode (8). The exhaust gas is thereby cleaned up.

Abstract: An exhaust purifying apparatus for an in-cylinder injection type internal combustion engine causes exhaust gas temperature to rise reliably, thereby desorbing reliably a sulfur component (SOx) adhered to an NOx catalyst and enhancing the durability of the NOx catalyst. For this reason, the exhaust purifying apparatus for an in-cylinder injection type internal combustion engine comprises an NOx catalyst (9A) for adhering NOx to itself in an excess oxygen concentration condition and desorbing NOx in an oxygen concentration reduction condition, and sulfur component desorption means (107) for desorbing a sulfur component from the NOx catalyst (9A). The sulfur component desorption means (107) injects additional fuel during an expansion stroke in addition to main injection and burns the additional fuel again so that exhaust gas temperature is raised to a predetermined temperature or beyond, whereby the sulfur component is desorbed.