Abstract: A carbon film is coated over the surface of a spacer. The carbon film has the following three features when the binding state of carbon is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: (a) an integral area of a region of 284.5 eV or below is 27% or less of an integral area attributed to carbon, (b) an integral area of a region of 286.0 eV-287.0 eV is 18% or less thereof, and (c) an integral area of a region of 287.0 eV or above is 9% or more thereof.

Abstract: An optical disk includes a substrate covered with an information recording layer. The information recording layer includes a recording material and a dispersion material dispersed in the recording material. The recording material absorbs recording light for recording information, and then generates heat. As the light refraction index of the recording material changes due to the heat generation, information is recorded on the recording material. The dispersion material has lower absorptance of the recording light and lower thermal conductivity than the recording material, and an external dimension smaller than a diffraction limit of reading light for reading information.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus (1) is provided with: a recording device (310) for recording record information onto an information recording medium by irradiating the information recording medium (100) with laser light with a recording power according to a set value; a calculating device (340) for preparing correlation information which represents a correlation between the set value and reproduction quality, and for obtaining a reference set value which gives target reproduction quality as being desired reproduction quality, by reproducing test-record information recorded with changing the set value on the recording device; a measuring device (330) for measuring the reproduction quality, by reproducing the record information recorded by using the reference set value on the recording device; and an adjusting device (400) for obtaining adjustment amount of the reference set value on the basis of the correlation information if the reproduction quality measured by the measuring device is different from the ta

Abstract: There is provided a spacer for an image display apparatus having a base material and a film configuration in which a first film having a structure that silver particles are dispersed in aluminum oxynitride and a second film containing tungsten, germanium and nitrogen are layered on the base material in this order.

Abstract: A groove is formed on a master disc. The groove is formed substantially along a spiral standard locus, but a groove position is displaced in a direction crossing the standard locus according to record data. The wobble is determined from a wobble signal. A wobble is formed such that an average value of displacement of the groove position with the standard locus as a reference is zero for each predetermined data unit.

Abstract: An information recording medium (100) is provided with: a first recording layer (L0) in which record information is recorded toward one direction directed from an inner circumferential side to an outer circumferential side, or directed from the outer circumferential side to the inner circumferential side, by irradiating laser light (LB) thereon; and a second recording layer (L1) in which the record information is recorded toward another direction which is different from the one direction, by irradiating the laser light thereon, directions of recording the record information being equal, in a particular recording area for focus-in of the laser light in said first recording layer and in at least one recording area of said second recording layer corresponding to the particular recording area.

Abstract: To provide an antistatic film that requires low power consumption and provides satisfactory electric contact, as a measure for preventing an insulating substrate surface having an electronic device formed thereon from being charged. The electronic device includes: an insulating substrate; a conductor; and a resistance film connected with the conductor, the conductor and the resistance film being formed on the insulating substrate, characterized in that the resistance film has a larger thickness in a connection region with the conductor than a thickness in portions other than the connection region.

Abstract: An information recording device comprising a recording unit that records recording information by applying a laser beam to an information recording medium having a first recording layer for recording recording information by being irradiated with a laser beam and a second recording layer for recording recording information by irradiating with a laser beam via the first recording layer, a calculating unit that calculates an optimum laser beam power when, by using the recording means, trial-recording trial information is recorded by irradiating the second recording layer with a laser beam via a recording-information-unrecorded recording area in the first recording layer and recording information is recorded by irradiating the second recording layer with a laser beam via a recording-information-recorded recording area in the first recording layer, and a control unit that controls the recording unit.

Abstract: At least a first recording layer (L0 layer) and a second recording layer (L1 layer) are provided. In the first recording layer, a first recording track path (a groove: a guiding groove) is formed for recording recording information. The second recording layer is arranged on the first recording layer and has a second recording track path (a groove: a guiding groove) formed in an opposite direction to the first recording track path for recording recording information. On an edge part on one side of the second recording layer, a first buffer area (103-1) is previously formed as a pre-recording area by an embossed pit (in the case of DVD-RW) or by a pit formed by recording laser irradiation (in the case of DVD-R).

Abstract: An information recording apparatus has: a recording device for recording information onto an information recording medium, whose recording speed can be changed to first and second linear velocities, by irradiating laser light with a variable recording power; a measuring device for measuring reproduction quality by reproducing the record information recorded at the first linear velocity, if the recording speed is changed from the first linear velocity to the second linear velocity; a first calculating device for calculating a link power which is the recording power which gives the reproduction quality measured by the measuring device in the second linear velocity, on the basis of correlation information for representing a correlation between the recording power in the second linear velocity and the reproduction quality of the record information; and an adjusting device for adjusting the recording power at a time in stages or in continuity.

Abstract: A disc-shaped information recording medium has a first and a second recording layer. A buffer area is arranged adjacent to a recording area of each of the layers for preventing deviation of the recording position onto/from each of the layers. A first part of the information is written along a first track path on the first recording layer, a predetermined amount of first buffer data in a part of the buffer area of the first recording layer is written into the first recording layer, and inter-layer jump is performed from the first recording layer to the second recording layer. A predetermined amount of second buffer data in the buffer area of the second recording layer is written in the second recording layer and write element is controlled to write a second part of the information to be recorded, on the second recording layer by changing the recording direction.

Abstract: There is provided an information recording medium having a plurality of recording layers (layer L0, layer L1) for recording information. At least one of the recording layers (layer L0, layer L1) has a management information area where recording speed management information defining the maximum possible recording speed when recording information is recorded.

Abstract: A record mark is formed on a master disc DS. The record mark is formed substantially along a spiral standard locus, but a record mark position is displaced in a direction crossing the spiral standard locus according to record data. A wobble is formed such that the average value of the displacement of the record mark position is zero for each predetermined data unit with the standard locus as a reference.

Abstract: A writable optical disc has an information writing track, and a guiding track for introducing a laser beam to the information writing track. The guiding track has prepit information recorded thereon, the prepit information including at least address information of the optical disc. The prepit information is recorded on the guiding track at a position where interference of adjacent guiding tracks with the prepit information is prevented. The information writing track is a groove track, and the guiding track is a land track.

Abstract: When data is recorded on an optical disc capable of recording information only once, such as a DVD-R and the like, encrypted data obtained by encrypting the recording data and a key for decrypting the encrypted data are generated, and they are recorded in different areas on the recording medium. When the data recorded by the recording method is erased, only a key portion in a file including the key for decrypting the encrypted data is physically made a defect, or is registered as the defect by a defect management system. Thereby, since the key portion becomes unreadable, it becomes impossible that the recording data is restored by decrypting the encrypted data. Therefore, the recording data can be substantially completely erased.

Abstract: An information recording medium comprising a plurality of recording layers (L0 layer, L1 layer) for recording a plurality of pieces of recording information, respectively, wherein the first recording layer (L0 layer) located on the closest side when viewed from the side being irradiated with a laser beam has an identification information recording area (NBCA) previously recorded with information (e.g. media ID) for identifying the information recording medium.

Abstract: An information recording medium, provided with: a first recording layer (L0 layer) to record therein record information by irradiating laser light (LB); and a second recording layer (L1 layer) to record therein the record information by irradiating the laser light through the first recording layer, the second recording layer having a first calibration area (113) which is to record therein pattern information for obtaining an optimum power of the laser light and which corresponds to a recording area (104) of the first recording layer in which the record information is unrecorded, a head portion of the first calibration area being disposed at a position where it is displaced by a predetermined distance toward a direction of recording the pattern information, on the basis of a head portion of the recording area of the first recording layer in which the record information is unrecorded.

Abstract: An information recording medium has a plurality of recording layers, one (L0 layer) of which has an identifier recording area (NBCA) containing an identifier for identifying the information recording medium. In the identification information recording area, a groove track (GT) is divided in the direction along the groove track by a spatial frequency not lower than a specified spatial frequency (2NA/?) at which reproduction becomes impossible according to the optical transmission characteristics (MTF) of a reproduction optical system.

Abstract: An information recording device can record a plurality of pieces of recording information, for instance, at different times, in an information recording medium provided by stacking first and second recording layers. A writing control element controls a writing element so that each piece of the information can be written over the first recording layer to the second recording layer. Furthermore, a boundary control member controls the writing element so that first boundary information is written in a recording area which is to be a boundary between the pieces of information in the first recording layer, and that second boundary information is written or ensured, in a recording area of a second recording layer which overlaps the recording area wherein the first boundary information of the first recording layer is written, as a recording area to be a boundary between the pieces of information in the second recording layer.

Abstract: A hologram recording apparatus (100) includes a record angle change device (19) capable of relatively changing the record angle of a hologram recording medium (200) relative to signal light (L3) and reference light (L2); and a control device (18). The control device sets a record angle for recording a specific angle record plane as a standard record angle among a plurality of angle record planes on the hologram recording medium. Furthermore, the control device controls the record angle change device so as to change and fix the record angle after then by a predetermined angle from the set standard record angle.