Abstract: A method for separating and purifying a biomembrane protein from biomembrane by subjecting the biomembrane to gel electrophoresis in the presence of at least one anionic surfactant having the general formula (I):RO--XO).sub.m (YO).sub.n SO.sub.3 M (I)wherein R represents an alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkylphenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, X and Y independently represent a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m and n independently represent a number of from zero to 40 provided that m+n is 4 to 40, and M represents an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, an amine, or ammonium.Thus, the desired biomembrane protein can be separated and purified with a high purity without denaturing the protein and also without impairing the biological function thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel and improved method for the preparation of a highly concentrated aqueous dispersion of a pearlescent agent, which is typically an ethyleneglycol di(fatty acid) ester, capable of forming very thin leaf crystals exhibiting pearlescence to be used for imparting pleasant appearance to detergents, toiletries, such as hair shampoos, hair rinses and others, and the like admixed therewith. The method is performed by solubilizing the pearlescent agent in an aqueous solution of a surfactant, at least a substantial amount thereof being in the state of middle phase liquid crystals, at or above the melting point of the pearlescent agent and succeedingly cooling the above obtained mixture to room temperature whereby to crystallize the pearlescent agent in situ while the state of the middle phase liquid crystals of the surfactant is kept substantially unchanged.

Abstract: A detergent composition, suitable for use in washing vegetables and dishes and shampooing human hair, having both good detergency and little hand roughening action is presented. This detergent composition contains:(a) a water-soluble salt of olefin sulfonic acid having 12 to 16 carbon atoms and(b) a tertiary amine oxide having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, of 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The contents of each of said components (a) and (b) in the composition being within the range of from 2 to 20% by weight, and the mol ratio of the component (a) to the component (b) being within the range of from 1.5/1 to 0.5/1, and the pH of an aqueous solution of the detergent composition being within the range of from 7.3 to 8.0 at the concentration when it is used in washing vegetables and dishes.

Abstract: A production process of a liquid detergent composition having both good detergency and little hand roughening action is presented. This liquid detergent composition can be produced by mixing an anionic surface active agent and a semi-polar nonionic surface active agent, each in the stage of an aqueous solution, and then, adding a specified arylsulfonic acid to this mixture in such a manner that the produced liquid detergent composition contains 6 to 25% by weight of the anionic surface active agent, 2 to 8% by weight of the semi-polar nonionic surface active agent and 0.2 to 3.0% by weight of the arylsulfonic acid.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition which comprises an anionic surface active agent of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfate type and a cationic surface active agent of mono-long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt type at a mol ratio of the former to the latter in the range of from 8:1 to 1:1 is not only mild to the human skin but also capable of demonstrating superb detergency.

Abstract: A liquid detersive bleaching composition which comprises 3 to 10 wt.% of sodium hypochlorite (in terms of the amount of available chlorine), 0.5 to 3 wt.% of caustic alkali, 0.3 to 7 wt.% of polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate (a) having the formula (I) and 0.1 to 5 wt.% of polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate sulfonate (b) having the formula (II), wherein the molar ratio of (a) to (b) is in the range of from 20/80 to 85/15 and the total amount of (a) and (b) is in the range of from more than 0.5 wt.% to less than 10 wt.%.Formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R represents straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, m is an integer ranging from 3 to 15, and M represents Na or K.)formula (II): ##STR2## (wherein R' represents straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, n is an integer ranging from 3 to 15, and M represents Na or K.

Abstract: A neutralized product containing salt of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid ester in high concentration can be produced by the method comprising the steps of (1) sulfonating fatty acid ester by contacting a gaseous mixture of sulfur trioxide (SO.sub.3) and an inert gas containing 1 - 15% by volume of SO.sub.3 with a film of a fatty acid ester, said ester having the formula RCH.sub.2 COOR' (wherein R is alkyl having 8 - 18 carbon atoms and R' is alkyl having 1 - 5 carbon atoms), under the conditions that the molar ratio of SO.sub.3 to said fatty acid ester is in the range of 1.0 - 1.5, the temperature is in the range of 50.degree. - 85.degree.C and the time of contact is in the range of 0.5 - 30 seconds; (2) contacting a film of the reaction product obtained by step (1) into contact with said gaseous mixture, under the conditions of a temperature in the range of 95 - 150.degree.

Abstract: A heavy-duty granular detergent composition consisting of 10 to 60 wt. percent of sodium citrate, 5 to 40 wt. percent of non-soap anionic surfactants, 0.1 to 10 wt. percent of inorganic aluminum salts and additives for use in conventional detergents, the weight ratio of the citrate to the surfactants being 1/5 to 10/1.