Abstract: Recording paper fed from a paper feed section comes in contact with a paper detection member of a detector unit and the paper detection member is rotated about a first fulcrum, shading the optical axis of an optical sensor. When the recording paper passes through and the paper detection member is brought out of contact with the recording paper, the paper detection member is restored to the former position and does not shade the optical axis. A carriage/cartridge detection member of the detector unit comes in contact with a carriage engagement part and a cartridge engagement part placed in a carriage and is rotated about a second fulcrum, shading the optical axis of the optical sensor. When the carriage/cartridge detection member is brought out of contact with the engagement parts, the carriage/cartridge detection member is restored to the former position and does not shade the optical axis.

Abstract: A paper feeding roller is provided in the vicinity of a first widthwise end of a transporting path extending to a recording apparatus. A hopper, for stacking a plurality of sheets of paper, includes an aligning face, on which leading ends of the stacked sheets are abutted to be aligned with each other. The aligning face is narrowed from a first side end thereof to a second side end thereof. Here, the first side end is in the vicinity of the first widthwise end of the transporting path, and the second side end is in the vicinity of a second widthwise end of the transporting path. The hopper includes a guide face provided on the first side end of the aligning face so as to extend parallel with the transporting path.

Abstract: A transferring tray for a printing apparatus for printing on one major surface of a recording media having disc shape, wherein the printing apparatus includes, a carriage having a printing head, reciprocating in a main scanning direction, a transferring unit transferring the recording media in a sub scanning direction, a detecting unit detecting the recording media being transferred by the transferring unit, and a recording unit printing on the one major surface of the recording media, the transferring tray including: a tray body having a rectangular plate shape made of a material which is not detected by the detecting unit; a detected portion formed on either one of two major surfaces of the tray body, being detectable by the detecting unit; and a mounting portion having a mounting recess such that the one major surface of the recording media comes up to substantially same level as one of the major surfaces of the tray body when the recording media is mounted on the transferring tray.

Abstract: The present invention is made to provide a double-sided printing apparatus at a relatively lower cost having little possibilities of dust generation or slowing feed speed of a continuous paper without complex mechanical structure nor control process, which includes: a first printer including a first transporting unit; a first recording unit disposed on upper or lower side of a transportation path of a recording medium, the recording medium being horizontally transported from the first transporting unit; and a first discharging unit for discharging the recording medium after printing; a second printer including a second transporting unit; a second recording unit disposed on upper or lower side of the transportation path of the recording medium horizontally transported from the first transporting unit, wherein the second recording unit is disposed on the same side where the first recording unit is disposed; and a second discharging unit for discharging the recording medium; and a guiding path disposed from the

Abstract: A paper feeding roller is provided in the vicinity of a first widthwise end of a transporting path extending to a recording apparatus. A hopper, for stacking a plurality of sheets of paper, includes an aligning face, on which leading ends of the stacked sheets are abutted to be aligned with each other. The aligning face is narrowed from a first side end thereof to a second side end thereof. Here, the first side end is in the vicinity of the first widthwise end of the transporting path, and the second side end is in the vicinity of a second widthwise end of the transporting path. The hopper includes a guide face provided on the first side end of the aligning face so as to extend parallel with the transporting path.

Abstract: A paper returner is placed in the vicinity of an end portion of a hopper for stacking a plurality of sheets of paper which faces a paper feeding roller, so as to be pivotable between a first position where the paper returner constitutes a part of the paper transporting passage, and a second position where the paper returner is isolated from the paper transporting passage. A separation pad is provided on a first face of the paper returner. The separation pad has a friction coefficient which is higher than a friction coefficient of the first face of the paper returner. The paper returner is placed at the first position so that a top sheet of paper in the hopper is abutted against the paper feeding roller, and is separated from other sheets of paper by the separation pad. The paper returner is placed at the second position so that the first face of the paper returner returns sheets of paper, which are entered in the paper transporting passage together with the sheet of paper to be fed, to the hopper.

Abstract: Recording paper fed from a paper feed section comes in contact with a paper detection member 12 of a detector unit 8 and is rotated about a first fulcrum 35, shading the optical axis of an optical sensor 16. On the other hand, when the recording paper passes through and the paper detection member 12 is brought out of contact with the recording paper, the paper detection member 12 is restored to the former position by the urging force of an spring 37 and does not shade the optical axis. A carriage/cartridge detection member 15 of the detector unit 8 comes in contact with a carriage engagement part and a cartridge engagement part placed in a carriage and is rotated about a second fulcrum 43, shading the optical axis of the optical sensor 16. On the other hand, when the carriage/cartridge detection member 15 is brought out of contact with the engagement parts, the carriage/cartridge detection member 15 is restored to the former position by the urging force of an spring 44 and does not shade the optical axis.

Abstract: In producing a rotor for a rotating machine by bonding a rotor body and a plurality of permanent magnets to each other through a heating step and a subsequent cooling step, a rotor body having a larger coefficicient of linear thermal expansion at the cooling step has its joint surface formed by assembling of a plurality of small joint faces. Thus, it is possible to moderate a thermal stress in a brazing filler metal layer between the rotor body and each of the permanent magnets to avoid the generation of cracks in the permanent magnets having a smaller coefficient of linear thermal expansion at the cooling step and to firmly bond the rotor body and each of the permanent magnets to each other.

Abstract: In an electric vehicle in which a motor is driven using the electric power of a battery, and a PWM controller controls an inverter mounted between the battery and the motor. The frequency of the PWM control means is usually set higher than an audio frequency, in order to decrease the switching noise of the inverter. Motor operational state detecting devices detect when the motor is at low speed and high-load operational state, and if there is a possibility that switching elements of the inverter may be over-heated, the frequency of the PWM controller is decreased by a frequency changing device, thereby preventing damage to the switching elements of the inverter due to the over-heating.

Abstract: A workload detecting system for an excavating and loading apparatus, in which a bucket supporting member is vertically pivoted relative to a vehicle body and a bucket is actuated to be tilted with respect to the bucket supporting member. The system includes a bottom pressure detecting system (17) for detecting a bottom pressure of a cylinder (6) for vertically pivoting the bucket supporting member (5, 7), a, bucket earth and sand amount calculating system (18) for calculating an earth and sand weight within the bucket (9) on the basis of the detected bottom pressure, and a bucket earth and sand amount calculating summing system (31) for integrating the calculated bucket earth and sand weight.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an amount of metal powder in a hydraulic circuit for supplying a drain pressurized oil from a hydraulic pump driven by an engine is characterized by comprising a metal powder amount detection sensor (9) disposed in a flow passage of the pressurized oil and adapted to transmit a signal in proportion to an adhering amount of the metal powder and a controller (11) for calculating the metal powder amount from the signal outputted from the metal powder detection sensor and displaying the calculated amount.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic image forming apparatus having an image carrier for forming an electrostatic latent image thereon, a charging device has a charging member facing the image carrier and spaced apart therefrom by a predetermined gap, and a power source for applying a predetermined voltage to the charging member. The device charges the image carrier without contacting it and is, therefore, advantageous over a conventional contact type charging device in respect of resistivity to smears, reliability and uniform charging. Moreover, since the charging device is operable with a voltage lower than a voltage conventionally applied to a corona charger, it causes a minimum of ozone to be produced while enhancing safety operation.

Abstract: A structure is provided for indoor skiing on artificially made snow. The structure is thermally insulated and contains one or more support towers about which serpentine configured ski ramps are secured to provide relatively long ski run descents for relatively little lateral travel. For snow-making purposes, a small portion of the ski ramp is enclosed with a thermally insulated cubical module having a top and four sides but no floor. The module is track-mounted and self-propelled for movement along the ski ramp and means are provided to reduce the temperature within the module to snow-making temperature. Self-propelled snow-making machines are placed within the module to move down the ski ramp at the same rate of speed as the module. Skiing conditions encountered on outdoor ski slopes are simulated on the indoor ski ramps.

Abstract: A multicylinder internal combustion engine includes a pair of camshafts, a pair of driven pulleys fixed to ends of the camshafts, a crankshaft, a driver pulley fixed to an end of the crankshaft, and a single endless belt trained around the driven pulleys and the driver pulley. A rotation sensor for detecting the rotation of the engine is disposed between a fixed engine member and the one of the driven pulleys around which a portion of the endless belt subject to greater tension is trained. A distributor is coupled coaxially to an opposite end of the camshaft to which said one driven pulley is fixed.

Abstract: A closed-loop air-fuel control system for an internal combustion engine comprising a control circuit having an open-loop mode of operation in which an air-fuel ratio control signal is fixed to a predetermined value determined by a sensed value of the atmospheric pressure and the temperature of the intake air of the engine. In order to shorten the time period for calculating the air-fuel ratio and to simplifying the circuit construction, an output signal of an atmospheric pressure sensor is supplied to an intake air temperature sensor so as to produce an output signal which represents both the temperature of the intake air and the atmospheric pressure at the same time.

Abstract: A civil machine having a flow-rate controller which applies a preset signal instead of a normal flow-rate signal to a variable type hydraulic pump when delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump exceeds a preset pressure value. The normal flow-rate signal corresponds to the position of an operating lever. The preset signal has a value of minimum flow rate to hold a working tool in a certain posture. With this control system, pressure loss and temperature rise in hydraulic operating oil as well as fuel consumption of the machine can be reduced and cycle time of the work can be improved.

Abstract: An electronic circuit for use in a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. The electronic circuit comprises a constant-voltage regulated power-supply circuit, a control circuit having a central processing unit for controlling electrical apparatus installed in the vehicle, and a detecting circuit for detecting variations in supply voltage supplied from the power-supply circuit. The detecting circuit is adapted to generate an output signal when the supply voltage of the power-supply circuit is out of a predetermined range. The electronic circuit further includes circuitry responsive to the output signal of the detecting circuit to render the central processing unit inoperative and an alarm responsive to the same output signal to give warnings.

Abstract: A method of controlling the recirculation of exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine provided with an exhaust-gas recirculation system by which the exhaust gases emitted from the exhaust manifold are partially recirculated into the intake manifold of the engine, comprising cutting off the recirculation of exhaust gases to the intake manifold of the engine when the engine is being warmed up, recirculating exhaust gases to the intake manifold of the engine at a rate variable in a predetermined required exhaust-gas recirculation ratio to the rate at which air is circulated to the intake manifold of the engine after the engine is warmed up, and recirculating exhaust gases to the intake manifold of the engine with a reduced exhaust-gas recirculation ratio lower than said required exhaust-gas recirculation ratio during a transient period of time intervening the conditions in which the engine is being warmed up and the conditions in which the engine has been warmed up.

Abstract: An air/fuel ratio control system for use with an internal combustion engine, which includes a three-way catalyst arranged in the exhaust system of the engine, an electrical circuit operatively connecting an O.sub.2 sensor with fuel quantity adjusting means in a manner effecting feedback control of the air/fuel ratio of a mixture produced by the fuel quantity adjusting means and being supplied to the engine, in response to an output signal produced by the O.sub.2 sensor, and secondary air supply means for supplying atmospheric air into the exhaust system at a zone upstream of the O.sub.2 sensor. The secondary air supply means is adapted to operate only during open loop control of the air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: An electric control system for controlling an internal combustion engine, which comprises sensor means for detecting at least one of operating condition of the engine and ambient condition in the vicinity of the engine to generate an output continuously variable with a change in the above at least one condition, comparator means for comparing the output of the sensor means with upper and lower limits which are set at values lying slightly beyond a normal range of values indicative of the at least one condition which can exist during normal operation of the engine, and generating a first signal when the output of the sensor means lies beyond the upper limit or the lower limit; and a timer arranged to generate a second signal is continuously generated over a predetermined period of time. The electric control system includes an air/fuel ratio control system for internal combustion engines.