Abstract: A cleaning agent for a substrate having a copper wiring consisting of an aqueous solution comprising [I] an amino acid represented by the following general formula [1], and [II] an alkylhydroxylamine; and a method for cleaning a semiconductor substrate having a copper wiring characterized by using the relevant cleaning agent for a substrate having a copper wiring; (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a carboxymethyl group or a carboxyethyl group; and R2 and R3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a hydroxyl group, provided that those where R1 to R3 are all hydrogen atoms are excluded.).

Abstract: A compound shown by the general formula [1]: (Wherein, R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a cyano group, and is an optionally substituted heterocyclic compound.); or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A compound shown by the general formula [1]: 1

Abstract: A fluorine-containing macroazo compound having a fluorine segment in the molecule is useful as a polymerization initiator for producing, for example, fluorine-containing block polymers.

Abstract: Macroazo compounds, which comprise a repeating unit composed of a moiety of the formula (a), a (b) and a moiety of the formula (c) wherein X, E, Z and T are independently a lower alkylene group, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently a lower alkyl group or a cyano group, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are independently a lower alkyl group or an aryl group, and m and n are independently a positive integer, those moieties being bound with one another through a carboxylic acid ester linkage or a carboxylic acid amido linkage, make it possible, for instance, in a case of using the compound as a polymerization initiator, to produce easily and at high efficiency a block polymer containing both polyorganosiloxane units and polyoxyalkylene units in its molecule.

Abstract: A compound shown by the general formula [1] ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a lower alkyl group or a cyano group, R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl group and X is a lower alkylene group, showing high solubility into various kinds of polar solvents and are capable of effectively introducing hydroxy groups into terminal positions of polymers and their use.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing macroazo compound having a fluorine segment in the molecule is useful as a polymerization initiator for producing, for example, fluorine-containing block polymers.

Abstract: An azoamide compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 through R.sup.4 are independently an alkyl group; X is an alkylene groupl Y is --O-- or --NH--; and n is an integer of 2 or more, is effective for producing a macroazo compound, which is a useful initiator for producing block copolymers.

Abstract: An azo group-containing high molecular weight compound including --COHN--, an ester linkage, or an amido linkage and a monomer units of 10 to 1000 derived from .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer is effective for producing a block copolymer having two or more polymer segments different in structure by one-step reaction.

Abstract: An azoamide compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 through R.sup.4 are independently an alkyl group; X is an alkylene group; Y is --O-- or --N--; and n is an integer of 2 or more, is effective for producing a macroazo compound, which is a useful initiator for producing block copolymers.

Abstract: Azoamide compounds shown by the general formula ?1 ! ##STR1## (Wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.3 is a saturated alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms) and their use.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing azo compound having a fluorine segment at a molecular terminal is useful as a polymerization initiator for producing, for example, fluorine-containing polymers.

Abstract: An azo amide compound of the formula .dbd.N--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CO--NH--R].sub.2 or a hydrate thereof or an acid-addition salt thereof, wherein R is --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, benzyl chloride, picolyl, tetrahydropyridylmethyl and N-piperidinoethyl, is useful as a functional polymerization initiator for polymerizing acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate and other vinyl compounds.

Abstract: Cyclic azoamidine compounds having the formula and salts thereof are disclosed. ##STR1## wherein R denotes a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently denote a lower alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms or a hydrogen atoms, provided that a case where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are all hydrogen atoms is excluded. The cyclic azoamidine compounds and their salts are useful as polymerization initiators in the production of polymer compounds.