Abstract: A frame for multiplexing multi-traffic frames of layers on a same carrier wave and an apparatus thereof is constituted by an overhead and a payload. The overhead is constituted by: a data length identifier indicating a frame or a payload length; a flow identifier indicating an attribute of the frame; and a frame header overhead error check (FHEC) storing a result obtained by converting bytes from the head to a specified M-th byte of the frame into a numerical value of n bytes according to a certain coding method. A maximum length of the payload is computed from the data length identifier of the overhead. In the payload, traffic for the layers 1 to 3 can be accommodated. Even if the ATM cell and the frame are multiplexed, since coding methods for the FHEC and the HEC are different, the ATM cell and the frame can be extracted individually.

Abstract: A transmission method and a network system can accommodate STM, ATM and IP in a single network by newly proposing a frame network to be used in common in physical layer and data link layer. The transmission method includes transmitting a plurality of packets in multiplexing manner, which header in each packet includes a first field holding a signal indicative of a packet length, a second field holding a signal indicative of a preferential order upon transferring the packet, a third field holding a signal indicative of a kind of traffic, a fourth field holding a signal indicative of a header length, a fifth field holding a control signal depending upon the kind of traffic, and a sixth field holding a signal indicative of a result of CRC operation of the header, a payload holding information signal depending upon kind of the traffic and a signal indicative of a result of CRC operation of the payload.

Abstract: The one-to-plural communication system for realizing the time slot allocation control method of the invention comprises the terminal-side apparatus 800˜830 provided with the buffer 801, the Queue length report function 802, and the output control function 803, and the network-side apparatus 840 provided with the necessary buffer capacity reduction type time slot allocation control function 141. The necessary buffer capacity reduction type time slot allocation control function 141, by using the Queue length information reported from the Queue report function 802, allocates time slots so that Queue lengths in the buffer 801 may become constant as nearly as possible among the terminal-side apparatus 800˜830, and reports the results to the output control circuit 803 which controls the output of cells from the buffer 801.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus comprises a resistor formed in a driver to connect a driving device to a transmission line connecting the driver to a receiver. The resistor has resistance considerably larger than on-state resistance of the driving device on condition that the resistor matches output impedance of the driver with impedance of the transmission line. The transmission line has length decided so that a reflected wave from a receiver-side end of the transmission line reaches the driver while a driving signal supplied to the driver has a logical high or low level.

Abstract: In frame transfer in a network for transferring an Ethernet frame sent from a source on the network to a predetermined destination, to an applied Ethernet frame, an expansion tag containing information about forwarding to an egress edge node to a host as a destination is added to make an expansion frame, and each node on the network relays the data frame based on the forwarding information of the added expansion tag to transfer the frame to the egress edge node.

Abstract: Two transmission devices connected to a link in which a failure occurs turn back a ring. Other transmission device changes a transmission ring of an NNI packet which is a UNI packet whose transmission source is its own transmission device and which had been transmitted through the link before the failure occurs to have a reverse direction. In addition, each transmission device, upon receiving an NNI packet whose transmission destination NNI address is one or any one of a plurality of NNI addresses applied to its own transmission device, outputs the packet to a self-owned tributary port irrespectively of whether it is sent through an inner ring or an outer ring.

Abstract: The invention enables protection of a ring frame transferred via an inter-ring bridge ring node when a fault occurs at the node in a multiring. Ring nodes form a ring protection domain to enable one ring node to be bypassed by using other ring nodes when a fault occurs at this ring node. The TTL value of ring frame to be transferred through the bypass is set to a value obtained by adding the number of hops h to the faulty ring node to a common initial value A in the same two-fiber ring to enable detection of a characteristic TTL value at a bypassing ring node. The bypass for the ring frame is selected with reference to the characteristic TTL value at the bypassing ring node. The bypassing ring node is set to a value obtained by adding a certain number of hops h to the next bypassing ring node to the initial value A of the two-fiber ring at the other end of the bypass.

Abstract: In a communication system for transmitting and receiving communication frames between a plurality of communication terminals and a server, a control frame which is indicative of control information necessary for communication between the communication terminals and the server and whose size is smaller than the size of the communication frame is transferred being included in a preamble portion of each communication frame and when no communication frame to be transmitted exists, the control frame is transferred as an independent frame.

Abstract: In a communication system in which a plurality of communication terminals sequentially transfer data to a server during the respective transmission permissible periods assigned to the respective communication terminals, the communication terminal transfers a preamble for synchronization to the server at a time of starting the transmission permissible period, converts a data frame for every 8 bits into every 10 bit-code, and transmits to the server, the signal string with a code indicating the head added there, during the transmission permissible period, and turns a communication to the server into a zero signal state, during a period other than the transmission permissible period, while the server establishes a synchronization by reading the preamble for synchronization inserted into the signal string received from each of the communication terminals, converts a portion of the zero signal state of the signal string into a predetermined special code string, and inversely transforms the received signal string i

Abstract: A remote station creates a transfer frame with one synchronous bit string added to at least one or more client frames and sends this transfer frame to a base station, when multiplexing the client frame received from a client system through an optical fiber and transferring the same to the base station.

Abstract: A method of attaching front hook eyeglasses onto an eyeglasses body with safety without producing any play therebetween. The method comprises the steps of rendering a curvature of a front curve of the front hook eyeglasses larger than that of the eyeglasses body, attaching a central portion of the front hook eyeglasses onto a central portion of the eyeglasses body, and bringing both ends of the front hook eyeglasses into elastically contact with the eyeglasses body. Vertical or horizontal motion (vertical and horizontal displacement) of the front hook eyeglasses or back and forth motion of the front hook eyeglasses are controlled or restrained.

Abstract: A storage circuit defines a first field for storing first header bits of a first payload signal of a first data unit, a second field, and a third field for storing signal first payload signal. The first header bits are equal in number to second header bits of a second payload signal of a second data unit. A division circuit divides the first header bits by a generator polynomial to produce a first error check code. The same generator polynomial is used to divide the second header bits to produce a second error check code. A remainder of division of hypothetical header bits by the generator polynomial is summed to the first error check code to produce a sum which is inserted into the second field of the storage circuit. The hypothetical header bits are greater in number than a total number of bits in the first and second fields, so that the first and second data units can be distinguished from each other by different error check results of the first and second data units.

Abstract: A method of attaching front hook eyeglasses onto an eyeglasses body with safety without producing any play therebetween. The method comprises the steps of rendering a curvature of a front curve of the front hook eyeglasses larger than that of the eyeglasses body, attaching a central portion of the front hook eyeglasses onto a central portion of the eyeglasses body, and bringing both ends of the front hook eyeglasses into elastically contact with the eyeglasses body. Vertical or horizontal motion (vertical and horizontal displacement) of the front hook eyeglasses or back and forth motion of the front hook eyeglasses are controlled or restrained.

Abstract: In an ATM switching system, bi-directionally coupling devices establish connections between corresponding interface units and an ATM switching module. The switching module includes a self-routing switch, an input distribution network for establishing connections between the bi-directionally coupling devices and the input ports of the self-routing switch, and an output distribution network for establishing connections between the output ports of the self-routing switch and bi-directionally coupling devices. The bi-directionally coupling devices and the input and output distribution networks are controlled in accordance with data supplied from the interface units indicating the directions of signals passing through the interface units and the operating speed of the interface units.

Abstract: A terminal case is sealingly fitted in an opening formed in a case of a transmission. The terminal case is formed with a partition wall by which the interior of the case is divided into inside and outside bore parts which are respectively exposed to the interior of the transmission and the outside of the transmission. The partition wall is formed with a plurality of apertures through which electric wires extend. Each of the electric wires within the outside bore part is provided with an enlarged stopper member whose size is larger than that of the corresponding aperture of the partition wall. A plastic adhesive is packed in the outside bore part in a manner to surround all the stopper members.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting two fluids is provided with a first elongated header which extends in a straight line and is supplied with a first fluid, a second elongated header which extends along the first header and is fixed to the backside of the first header, a nozzle lead-in member for leading the first fluid from the first header and the second fluid from the second header, and a nozzle for mixing and injecting the fluids from the nozzle lead-in member. Such apparatus for injecting two fluids has a simple construction and can be produced efficiently.

Abstract: A desired speed stage is preselected and at a time when a car speed reaches a speed commensurate with the preselected speed stage, a present speed stage is changed to the preselected speed stage.

Abstract: In a measuring method of a load weight carried by a vehicle wherein the load weight is measured by subtracting the weight of vehicle when the vehicle is empty from the weight of the vehicle when it is loaded, the load weight being supported by suspension cylinders of the vehicle, it is adapted to measure the weight of the vehicle when it is loaded and/or the weight of the vehicle when it is empty by the steps of detecting pressures in all suspension cylinders sequentially during a given period of time while the vehicle is vibrating, calculating the weights applied to all the suspension cylinders based on the detected pressures and the cross-sectional area of the cylinders, and obtaining an average value of the calculated weight at the given period of time.

Abstract: There is provided a winding spring for a seat belt winding apparatus which comprises an output drum and a take-up drum. The winding spring is stretched in the S-shaped form between the output drum and take-up drum. In the normal use region of the entire length of the winding spring, the natural radius of curvature of the spring is gradually increased. In the surplus use region of the spring, the natural radius of curvature of the spring is divided into a part where it is gradually decreased and a part where it is kept constant. The natural radius of curvature in the free end portion of the winding spring is increased.