Abstract: An ink jet recording material free of blotting when printed in dye ink and pigment ink, superior in print density and permitting clear printing of a high-definition image is disclosed. The ink jet recording material comprises a substrate at least one surface of which is treated with an ink fixing agent, the ink fixing agent being a cationic surfactant represented by the following general formula: where R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ink jet recording sheet comprising: a support; and an ink-receiving layer containing a polycarbonate-based urethane resin and a polyether-based urethane resin formed on the support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ink jet recording sheet comprising: a supporting medium; and an ink receiving layer formed on the supporting medium, wherein the ink receiving layer comprises a pigment, an adhesive agent, an ink fixing agent, and a ternary copolymer comprising an alkyl (meth)acrylate, an N-methylolacrylamide, and a styrene.

Abstract: Ink jet recording sheet has excellent coating strength, print water resistance, print concentration, ink absorptivity, and white paper portion preservability, and possesses excellent coloring properties for dye ink as well as pigment ink. The ink jet recording sheet includes: a supporting medium; and an ink receiving layer disposed on the supporting medium, the ink receiving layer including, at least: pigment; an adhesive; and an ink fixing agent, wherein the ink fixing agent includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfite, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate, in combination with a guanidine compound.

Abstract: Ink jet recording sheet has excellent coloring properties for dye ink as well as pigment ink, a high degree of brightness, and excellent preservability for white paper portions. The ink jet recording sheet includes: a paper supporting medium made by machining pulp; an undercoating layer including at least a pigment and an adhesive; and an ink receiving layer including at least a pigment and an adhesive, the undercoating layer and the ink receiving layer being disposed on at least one surface of the paper supporting medium, and the ink receiving layer being located outermost thereof, wherein the undercoating layer includes titanium dioxide as the pigment and at least one emulsion type adhesive selected from acryl polymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, or vinyl acetate polymers; and the ink receiving layer includes silica having an average secondary particle size of 3 to 11 ?m as the pigment, and a cationic ink fixing agent.

Abstract: Ink jet recording sheet has excellent recording properties and print preservability (especially, print light resistance and ozone resistance) for dye ink as well as pigment ink. The ink jet recording sheet includes: a supporting medium; and an ink receiving layer disposed on the supporting medium, the ink receiving layer including pigment, at least a styrene-acryl copolymer resin as an adhesive, and a guanidine compound and a secondary ammonium salt compound as a cationic polymer.

Abstract: An ink jet recording material appropriate to ink recording, preferably pigment ink recording, has an ink receiving layer formed on a support and including a pigment containing amorphous silica, alumina and/or alumino silicate, a binder, and a cationic resin having a cation equivalent of 1.5 to 6 milli equivalent/g, as determined by a colloid titration method.

Abstract: An ink jet recording sheet having a high water resistance and capable of recording thereon clear ink images includes a substrate polymeric film or sheet; an undercoat layer formed on the substrate and including a polymeric binder having a glass transition temperature of 50° C. or less and optionally pigment particles having an oil absorption of 250 ml/100 g or less and/or an aspect ratio of 2.0 to 100.0; and an ink receiving layer including a pigment and a polymeric binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to supertwist liquid-crystal displays (SLCDs) having very short response times and good steepnesses and angle dependencies, and to the novel nematic liquid-crystal mixtures used therein, which are distinguished in that they comprise at least one compound of the formula IA and at least one compound of the formula IB in which Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Y1, Y2, n and p have the meaning given.

Abstract: An ink jet recording sheet, capable of recording pigment ink images having an excellent resistance to rough handling and a high weather resistance and thus being useful for advertisement sheets, has a polymeric film support, a lower ink receiving layer containing a water-insoluble polymeric material and amorphous synthetic silica particles and formed on the support directly or through an undercoat layer, and an upper ink receiving layer containing a water-insoluble polymeric material, amorphous synthetic silica particles and a silanol-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and exhibiting a Bekk smoothness of 5 to 40 seconds.

Abstract: The invention relates to supertwist liquid-crystal displays (STN-LCDs) having short switching times and good steepnesses and angle dependencies, and to the novel nematic liquid-crystal mixtures used therein, which comprise compounds having a 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl group together with compounds of formula I wherein R3 is an alkenyl group with 2 to 7 C atoms, R4 is an optionally fluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy group with 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups can be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO— or —COO— in such a manner that O atoms are not directly adjacent to one another, or, in case m=1, R4 can also be Q—Y, Q is CF2, OCF2, CFH, OCFH or a single bond, Y is F or Cl, L1 and L2 are each independently H or F, and m is 0 or 1.

Abstract: An ink jet recording sheet having a high water resistance and capable of recording thereon clear ink images includes a substrate polymeric film or sheet; an undercoat layer formed on the substrate and including a polymeric binder having a glass transition temperature of 50° C. or less and optionally pigment particles having an oil absorption of 250 ml/100 g or less and/or an aspect ratio of 2.0 to 100.0; and an ink receiving layer including a pigment and a polymeric binder.

Abstract: An ink jet recording material capable of recording clear ink images having a high color density at a high speed without blotting the ink image and provided with a high surface strength has an ink receiving layer formed on a support, which may be a plastic film or a synthetic paper sheet, including synthetic amorphous silica particles and a binder, the surface of the ink receiving layer being characterized by exhibiting a peak area ratio (C.sub.1 s/Si.sub.2 p) of carbon electron 1s to silicon electron 2p of 6.0 to 35.0, determined by an X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy.

Abstract: When a 4,4'-substituted benzylideneaniline compound having specific substituents is compounded in a nematic liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a broad mesomorphic range extending above and below room temperature can be obtained. An electro-optical element comprising a thin layer of this liquid crystal composition filled and supported between two substrates can be used for light modulation and display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical element which comprises a nematic liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy which is composed of p-n-alkylbenzylidene-p'-cyanoaniline and an improver selected from the group consisting of p-n-alkyl cyanobenzene, p-alkylbenzylidene-p'-alkoxyaniline, and p-alkoxybenzylidene-p'-n-alkylaniline.

Abstract: Nematic liquid crystal compositions having positive dielectric anisotropy are obtained by mixing at least one of p-n-alkylphenyl-p'-cyanobenzoates represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 is n-alkyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms with at least one of p-cyanophenyl-p'-n-alkylbenzoates represented by the formula, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is n-alkyl group of 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Said compositions exhibit nematic liquid crystal phase over a broad temperature range and therefore, are useful for the torsion effect-type display device.

Abstract: When a 4,4'-substituted benzylideneaniline compound having specific substituents is compounded in a nematic liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a broad mesomorphic range extending above and below room temperature can be obtained. An electro-optical element comprising a thin layer of this liquid crystal composition filled and supported between two substrates can be used for light modulation and display.

Abstract: By incorporating at least one of p-n-alkylcyanobenzene, p-cyanobenzylideneaniline and p-cyanophenyl p'-n-octyloxybenzoate into a Schiff base type nematic liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy, a nematic liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy is obtained. The nematic liquid crystal composition of the latter exhibits a liquid crystal state in a broad temperature range including room temperature and is useful for a torsion effect type electrooptical display device which can operate at low voltages.

Abstract: In a structure comprising a pair of facing electrode plates and a layer of a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy, which is supported between said facing electrode plates, when each of the electrode surfaces coming into contact with the nematic liquid crystal layer is provided with a coating of poly-p-xylylene and/or its substituted product and the surface of said coating is furnished with a predetermined orientation, a liquid crystal device of the torsion effect type having good electro-optical characteristics is provided. When a layer of an epoxy resin or silane coupling agent is formed between the coating of the poly-p-xylylene type resin and the electrode surface, the adhesion of the poly-p-xylylene type resin coating is improved.

Abstract: In an electro-optical element comprising a pair of electrode plates and a layer of nematic liquid crystal material having a positive dielectric anisotropy positioned between the two plates, at least one of the electrode plates is coated on its inner face with organic high molecular materials. Molecular axes of the liquid crystal are oriented uniformly on the electrode face by rubbing the coated electrode along one direction.