Abstract: The titanium material includes a titanium oxide layer formed on a surface of titanium being a base material, the titanium oxide layer having a thickness measured by a glow discharge spectrometry of 60 to 300 nm, wherein: the titanium oxide layer contains 0.5 to 7.0 at % of nitrogen, and an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of a surface thereof is 2.0 to 4.0 ?m; and a power spectrum of a surface roughness of the titanium material has a peak of an amplitude height of 0.005 to 0.020 ?m in a range of a wavelength of 1.1 to 2.5 ?m and has a peak of an amplitude height of 0.0010 to 0.0030 ?m in a range of a wavelength of 0.80 to 0.98 ?m. An L*a*b* color space may be L*: 30 to 40, a*: 2.0 to 9.0, and b*: ?7.0 to 18.0.

Abstract: The titanium material includes a titanium oxide layer formed on a surface of titanium being a base material, the titanium oxide layer having a thickness measured by a glow discharge spectrometry of 60 to 300 nm, wherein: the titanium oxide layer contains 0.5 to 7.0 at % of nitrogen, and an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of a surface thereof is 2.0 to 4.0 ?m; and a power spectrum of a surface roughness of the titanium material has a peak of an amplitude height of 0.005 to 0.020 ?m in a range of a wavelength of 1.1 to 2.5 ?m and has a peak of an amplitude height of 0.0010 to 0.0030 ?m in a range of a wavelength of 0.80 to 0.98 ?m. An L*a*b* color space may be L*: 30 to 40, a*: 2.0 to 9.0, and b*: ?7.0 to 18.0.

Abstract: A yeast extract containing 0.2% or more of ?-Glu-Abu based on dry weight of the yeast extract is produced by culturing a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cervisiae or Candida utilis, in a medium containing a compound selected from Abu (L-2-aminobutyric acid) and ?-Glu-Abu (L-?-glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyric acid), and preparing a yeast extract from the obtained cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides colored pure titanium or titanium alloy having low susceptibility to discoloration in an atmospheric environment exhibiting a superior resistance to discoloration even when the titanium is used in an environment of harsh acid rain such as a roof or wall material and free from deterioration of the aesthetic appearance over a long period of time, that is, colored pure titanium obtained by the anodic oxidation method, that is, colored pure titanium or titanium alloy having low susceptibility to discoloration in an atmospheric environment characterized by having an average phosphorus content in a range of 40 nm from a surface of a titanium oxide layer formed on the titanium surface of 5.5 atomic % or less and by having an average carbon concentration in a range of a depth of 100 nm from the titanium surface of 3 to 15 atomic %.

Abstract: A yeast extract containing 0.2% or more of ?-Glu-Abu based on dry weight of the yeast extract is produced by culturing a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cervisiae or Candida utilis, in a medium containing a compound selected from Abu (L-2-aminobutyric acid) and ?-Glu-Abu (L-?-glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyric acid), and preparing a yeast extract from the obtained cells.

Abstract: The provision of beautiful colored titanium which is excellent in adhesion of the pure titanium or a titanium alloy with the base material, is excellent in photocatalytic activity, and further is excellent in design properties and a method of production of the same which is excellent in productivity and uses an anodic oxidation process is made the object. A titanium-based material having visible light response and excellent in photocatalytic activity characterized in that the material has pure titanium or titanium alloy as a base material, a thickness of a titanium oxide layer which is present on its surface is 0.1 ?m to 5.0 ?m in range, said titanium oxide layer contains anatase-type titanium dioxide and titanium bonded with hydroxy groups, and further said titanium oxide layer contains nitrogen and carbon respectively in 0.5 to 30 mass %.

Abstract: A yeast extract containing 0.2% or more of ?-Glu-Abu based on dry weight of the yeast extract is produced by culturing a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cervisiae or Candida utilis, in a medium containing a compound selected from Abu (L-2-aminobutyric acid) and ?-Glu-Abu (L-?-glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyric acid), and preparing a yeast extract from the obtained cells.

Abstract: The provision of beautiful colored titanium which is excellent in adhesion of the pure titanium or a titanium alloy with the base material, is excellent in photocatalytic activity, and further is excellent in design properties and a method of production of the same which is excellent in productivity and uses an anodic oxidation process is made the object. A titanium-based material having visible light response and excellent in photocatalytic activity characterized in that the material has pure titanium or titanium alloy as a base material, a thickness of a titanium oxide layer which is present on its surface is 0.1 ?m to 5.0 ?m in range, said titanium oxide layer contains anatase-type titanium dioxide and titanium bonded with hydroxy groups, and further said titanium oxide layer contains nitrogen and carbon respectively in 0.5 to 30 mass %.

Abstract: The present invention provides colored pure titanium or titanium alloy having low susceptibility to discoloration in an atmospheric environment exhibiting a superior resistance to discoloration even when the titanium is used in an environment of harsh acid rain such as a roof or wall material and free from deterioration of the aesthetic appearance over a long period of time, that is, colored pure titanium obtained by the anodic oxidation method, that is, colored pure titanium or titanium alloy having low susceptibility to discoloration in an atmospheric environment characterized by having an average phosphorus content in a range of 40 nm from a surface of a titanium oxide layer formed on the titanium surface of 5.5 atomic % or less and by having an average carbon concentration in a range of a depth of 100 nm from the titanium surface of 3 to 15 atomic %.

Abstract: A blood sample containing leukocytes flows through a flow cell. A light source emits a light beam in a first direction. The light beam incident into the flow cell is scattered by the blood sample as scattered light. A first detector detects an intensity of forward small scattered light out of the scattered light. The first detector is arranged so as to have a maximum angle of a detection angle range for the forward small scattered light stemmed from the first direction at a position inside (outside) of the flow cell, which is 3.1 (4) degrees or less. A second detector detects an intensity of forward large scattered light out of the scattered light. The second detector is arranged so as to have a detection angle range for the forward large scattered light stemmed from the first direction at a position inside (outside) of the flow cell, which falls in a range from 8 to 12 (10 to 16) degrees.

Abstract: A blood sample containing leukocytes flows through a flow cell. A light source emits a light beam in a first direction. The light beam incident into the flow cell is scattered by the blood sample as scattered light. A first detector detects an intensity of forward small scattered light out of the scattered light. The first detector is arranged so as to have a maximum angle of a detection angle range for the forward small scattered light stemmed from the first direction at a position inside (outside) of the flow cell, which is 3.1 (4) degrees or less. A second detector detects an intensity of forward large scattered light out of the scattered light. The second detector is arranged so as to have a detection angle range for the forward large scattered light stemmed from the first direction at a position inside (outside) of the flow cell, which falls in a range from 8 to 12 (10 to 16) degrees.

Abstract: A blood sample containing leukocytes flows through a flow cell. A light source emits a light beam in a first direction. The light beam incident into the flow cell is scattered by the blood sample as scattered light. A first detector detects an intensity of forward small scattered light out of the scattered light. The first detector is arranged so as to have a maximum angle of a detection angle range for the forward small scattered light stemmed from the first direction at a position inside (outside) of the flow cell, which is 3.1 (4) degrees or less. A second detector detects an intensity of forward large scattered light out of the scattered light. The second detector is arranged so as to have a detection angle range for the forward large scattered light stemmed from the first direction at a position inside (outside) of the flow cell, which falls in a range from 8 to 12 (10 to 16) degrees.

Abstract: A photovoltaic solid state relay has a light-emitting diode for emitting light in response to an electrical control signal. First and second photovoltaic devices are optically coupled to the light-emitting diode for converting the light to first and second voltages, respectively. First and second unipolar transistors are provided having first and second gate electrodes for respectively receiving the first and second voltages and jointly establishing a first current conducting path between output terminals to which a load circuit will be connected. A bipolar transistor is provided having a base connected to a junction between the first and second unipolar transistors for establishing a second current conducting path in parallel to the first current conducting path in one of opposite directions depending on voltages applied to the output terminals.

Abstract: A blood sample containing leukocytes flows through a flow cell. A light source emits a light beam in a first direction. The light beam incident into the flow cell is scattered by the blood sample as scattered light. A first detector detects an intensity of forward small scattered light out of the scattered light. The first detector is arranged so as to have a maximum angle of a detection angle range for the forward small scattered light stemmed from the first direction at a position inside (outside) of the flow cell, which is 3.1 (4) degrees or less. A second detector detects an intensity of forward large scattered light out of the scattered light. The second detector is arranged so as to have a detection angle range for the forward large scattered light stemmed from the first direction at a position inside (outside) of the flow cell, which falls in a range from 8 to 12 (10 to 16) degrees.

Abstract: An n− type layer 12 is epitaxially grown on one main surface (front surface) of an n+ type silicon substrate 11 and an anode electrode 13 is electrically in contact with the other main surface (rear surface) thereof. A p type region 14 is selectively formed in a surface layer of the n− type layer 12 and a n+ type region 15 is selectively formed in a surface layer of the p type region 14. A cathode electrode 17 is electrically in contact with a surface of the n+ type region 15.

Abstract: A photovoltaic solid state relay has a light-emitting diode for emitting light in response to an electrical control signal. First and second photovoltaic devices are optically coupled to the light-emitting diode for converting the light to first and second voltages, respectively. First and second unipolar transistors are provided having first and second gate electrodes for respectively receiving the first and second voltages and jointly establishing a first current conducting path between output terminals to which a load circuit will be connected. A bipolar transistor is provided having a base connected to a junction between the first and second unipolar transistors for establishing a second current conducting path in parallel to the first current conducting path in one of opposite directions depending on voltages applied to the output terminals.

Abstract: In order to enhance air heating capacity during low outdoor air temperature, a gas heat pump type air conditioning device comprises a compression device having a gas engine driving source and forming a refrigerating cycle by circulating a refrigerant, an engine-coolant-water system, a channel change switching device, a bypass channel which is provided with the channel change switching device in the engine-coolant-water system downstream of the gas engine, and an engine-coolant-water heating device provided in the bypass channel, and waste heat exhausted from the gas engine is collected in the engine-coolant-water, and the refrigerant is heated by the engine-coolant-water so as to enhance air-heating-capacity.

Abstract: An n− type layer 12 is epitaxially grown on one main surface (front surface) of an n+ type silicon substrate 11 and an anode electrode 13 is electrically in contact with the other main surface (rear surface) thereof. A p type region 14 is selectively formed in a surface layer of the n− type layer 12 and a n+ type region 15 is selectively formed in a surface layer of the p type region 14. A cathode electrode 17 is electrically in contact with a surface of the n+ type region 15.

Abstract: In order to enhance air heating capacity during low outdoor air temperature, a gas heat pump type air conditioning device comprises a compression device having a gas engine driving source and forming a refrigerating cycle by circulating a refrigerant, an engine-coolant-water system, a channel change switching device, a bypass channel which is provided with the channel change switching device in the engine-coolant-water system downstream of the gas engine, and an engine-coolant-water heating device provided in the bypass channel, and waste heat exhausted from the gas engine is collected in the engine-coolant-water, and the refrigerant is heated by the engine-coolant-water so as to enhance air-heating-capacity.

Abstract: In order to obtain more enhanced air heating capacity during low outdoor air temperature, a gas heat pump type air conditioning device which circulates refrigerant by a compressing device of which driving source is a gas engine, forms a refrigerating cycle, collects waste heat of exhaust gas exhausted from the gas engine to engine coolant water by an exhaust gas heat exchanging device, and heats the refrigerant by the engine coolant water to enhance the heating capacity, the exhaust gas exhausted from the gas engine is heated, and a heating device for increasing amount of thermal energy which can be collected in the exhaust gas heat exchanging device is provided.