Abstract: A process for automatically creating a measurement method suitable for plasma ion source mass spectrometry, including: semi-quantitatively measuring all elements in the sample that affect the measurement; determining a plasma condition based on the total concentration of the semi-quantitatively measured elements; for each of the semi-quantitatively measured elements, estimating signal strengths of the element and an interference component in the sample to be measured and based on the resultant estimates, estimating the concentration of the element; and, based on the estimated signal strengths of the elements and the interference components and the estimated concentrations of the elements, creating at least one mass spectrometry method including at least one of: (1) a plasma condition; (2) an internal standard to be added to the sample; (3) a tuning condition for the collision/reaction cell; (4) a mass-to-charge ratio used in the mass spectrometer; and (5) an integration time used in the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A process for automatically creating a measurement method suitable for plasma ion source mass spectrometry, including: semi-quantitatively measuring all elements in the sample that affect the measurement; determining a plasma condition based on the total concentration of the semi-quantitatively measured elements; for each of the semi-quantitatively measured elements, estimating signal strengths of the element and an interference component in the sample to be measured and based on the resultant estimates, estimating the concentration of the element; and, based on the estimated signal strengths of the elements and the interference components and the estimated concentrations of the elements, creating at least one mass spectrometry method including at least one of: (1) a plasma condition; (2) an internal standard to be added to the sample; (3) a tuning condition for the collision/reaction cell; (4) a mass-to-charge ratio used in the mass spectrometer; and (5) an integration time used in the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: Provided is a polybenzoxazole precursor having a high purity which does not contain ionic by-products. The above polybenzoxazole precursor comprises a repetitive unit represented by Formula (1): wherein A1 represents a tetravalent aromatic group; N and OH which are bonded to A1 are paired, and the respective pairs of N and OH are bonded to carbons which are adjacent to each other on the same aromatic ring; A2 represents a divalent organic group; and n represents a number of 2 to 300.

Abstract: Provided is a polybenzoxazole precursor having a high purity which does not contain ionic by-products.

Abstract: A zirconium alloy which has good creep strength and bending properties as well as improved corrosion resistance in nitric acid solutions of low, medium, and high concentrations and which can withstand stress corrosion cracking in highly concentrated nitric acid solutions even under a high anodic potential is disclosed. The zirconium alloy consists essentially of, by weight percent:one or both of Ti: 5.0-30% and Ta: 1.0-20%,Fe: not greater than 0.3%, Cr: not greater than 0.1%,Oxygen: 0.05-0.2%, N: not greater than 0.45%,H : not greater than 0.01%,one or more of W, V, and Mo: 0-3.0% in total, and the balance Zr and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A nickel-chromium alloy excellent in a stress corrosion cracking resistance which is obtained by carrying out an annealing treatment under specific conditions, said alloy having the following composition:______________________________________ in terms of % by weight, ______________________________________ 0.04% or less of C; 1.0% or less of Si; 1.0% or less of Mn; 0.030% or less of P; 0.02% or less of S; 40 to 70% of Ni; 25 to 35% of Cr; 0.1 to 0.5% of Al; 0.05 to 1.0% of Ti; 0.5 to 5.0% in all of one or more of Mo, W and V, and ______________________________________the residue comprising substantially Fe. A nickel-chromium alloy further including 0.2 to 5.0% of Nb subject to Ti=0.2 to 1.0% and Nb/C=10 to 125.

Abstract: An alloy for heat transfer pipes excellent in an alkali stress corrosion cracking resistance which is obtained by heating and retaining said alloy at a temperature within the range of a temperature (T.degree.C.), at which a carbide in said alloy is thoroughly solubilized, to T+100.degree. C. for 1 minute or more; cooling it once to a level of 200.degree. C. or less; and carrying out a thermal treatment under conditions within a hatched range Z in FIG. 2, said alloy comprising: in terms of % by weight, 0.15% or less of C; 1.0% or less of Si; 1.0% or less of Mn; 25 to 35% of Cr; 40 to 70% of Ni; 0.5% or less of Al; 0.01 to 1.0% of Ti; 0.5 to 5.0%, in all, of one or more of Mo, W and V; 0.30% or less of P; 0.020% or less of S; and the residue of Fe and impurities.

Abstract: A method for a thermal treatment of a nickel based alloy, characterized in that said nickel based alloy for a material which will be subjected to a high-temperature and high-pressure water or vapor comprises, in terms of % by weight, 58% or more of Ni, 25 to 35% of Cr, 0.003% or less of B, 0.012 to 0.035% of C, 1% or less of Mn, 0.5% or less of Si, 0.015% or less of P, 0.015% or less of S, and the residue of Fe and usual impurities; in a first thermal treatment process, said nickel based alloy is heated and retained at a temperature of T.degree. C. to (T+100).degree.C. and is cooled at a cooling rate of a furnace cooling rate or more; and in a second thermal treatment process, said nickel based alloy is then retained at a temperature of 600.degree. to 750.degree. C. and at a temperature within a sensitization recovery range for a period of 0.1 to 100 hours and is cooled at a cooling rate of said furnace cooling rate or more.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method and an apparatus for judging the fitness of a steel composition for a particular casting practice in order to prevent excessive segregation of manganese and phosphorous in the course of the casting. We have discovered that the simultaneous segregation of manganese and phosphorous tends to cause the formation of bainite and/or martensite in steel plate product during the cooling of the steel plate after rolling. When the manganese and phosphorous concentrations satisfy the following requirement (1):Mn (%) .times. P (%) <0.60/f . . . . (1)wherein f denotes the segregation factor of the particular casting practice, regarding the product of Mn (%) and P (%), the formation of bainite and/or martensite is prevented. Accordingly, it is possible to predict the fitness of the molten steel to the particular casting practice.