Abstract: An anti-skid brake control system is capable of optimizing vehicular braking characteristics in order to minimize the braking distance. The anti-skid brake control system takes a feature of the vehicle speed dependent wheel slippage threshold. For this, the anti-skid brake control system of the invention employs a wheel slippage threshold deriving means which derives a wheel slippage threshold on the basis of a vehicle speed. The wheel slippage threshold is compared with an actual wheel slippage detected on the basis of a vehicle speed and a wheel speed. Brake pressure in a wheel cylinder is reduced when the detected wheel slippage is increased across the wheel slippage threshold.

Abstract: A shock-absorbing strut suspension for an automotive vehicle includes a disc spring between the strut and the vehicle body. The disc spring is pre-loaded upon assembly in the vehicle so that it readily absorbs small-amplitude vibrations while transmitting larger-amplitude vibrations. The disc spring thus augments the effect of elastic dampers designed to absorb high-frequency, relative low-amplitude vibrations.

Abstract: A shock absorber has a piston which comprises upper and lower members. The upper and lower members are fixedly assembled to define therein the vortex chamber. The piston has vertically-extending channels on the periphery thereof to define the vertical section of the vortex passages together with the inner periphery of the cylinder tube.

Abstract: A vortex flow shock absorber includes a piston having a vortex chamber therein. The piston communicates with one fluid chamber defined in a absorber cylinder via a vortex chamber and with the other fluid chamber separated from the former by the piston via a flow restricting opening. One-way valve is provided in a piston rod which defines a fluid passage permitting one way flow of the fluid from the vortex chamber to one of the fluid chamber. The one-way valve is responsive to an excessive fluid pressure in the vortex chamber to relieve the fluid pressure exceeding a predetermined value. The piston and piston rod are attached together with pressure welding. This simplifies the assembling operation of the piston onto the piston rod.

Abstract: A shock absorber is provided with a relief valve within a thrusting piston. The relief valve defines a vortex chamber therein and is movable in response to the pressure difference between a high pressure chamber and a lower pressure chamber. The valve is movably urged toward an initial position by a set spring which defines the set pressure of the shock absorber.

Abstract: The shock absorber having a piston reciprocatingly disposed in a cylinder and sized small enough to permit a compact construction. The piston defines therein a vortex chamber with a maximum radius. The vortex chamber communicates with fluid chambers defined in the shock absorber via vortex passages formed in the piston. The vortex passage extends in the ceiling or bottom of the piston and tangentially opens at the upper and lower plane periphery of the vortex chamber. By providing the vortex passages in the above-mentioned manner, the radius of the vortex chamber can be maximized in relation to the radius of the piston thus reducing the size of the piston and, in turn the shock absorber.

Abstract: A hydraulic shock absorber including a piston disposed within a hollow cylinder in movable position responsive to a shock applied thereto, the piston defining a hollow vortex chamber therein, the vortex chamber being communicated with fluid chambers defined in the hollow cylinder to introduce a working fluid and to generate a vortex therein for producing an absorbing force,wherein the vortex chamber being so sized as1.ltoreq.(h.multidot.Sv/So).ltoreq.6where:h is a depth of the vortex chamber;Sv is sectional area of the vortex chamber;So is effective sectional area of the piston effecting for the fluid to increase or decrease the pressure thereof.

Abstract: A shock absorber with improved shock absorbing characteristiscs has a piston in which a vortex chamber is formed. The vortex chamber communicates with upper and lower fluid chambers via communication passages. One of the communication passage opens to the vortex chamber tangentially to produce a vortex in the vortex chamber. Within the vortex chamber, a member is normally elastically urged to narrow the area through which the fluid flows. The member is responsive to the fluid pressure exceeding a predetermined value to move against the resilient force in the direction increasing the area allowing fluid flow. A bottom fitting of similar construction and function is also disclosed.