Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a charging assembly, an exposure assembly, a development assembly, an image-transfer assembly, and a cleaning assembly arranged around the photosensitive member in this order, whereinthe photosensitive member has a surface layer containing fluoroplastic particles; andthe electrophotographic apparatus further comprises a polishing assembly for polishing the surface of the photosensitive member after the transfer assembly and before the cleaning assembly.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is disclosed which has an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a transfer device. The photosensitive member has a conductive support and a photosensitive layer, and further has a surface layer formed of a binder resin, fluorine atom- or silicon atom-containing compound particles incompatible with the binder resin, and a fluorine atom- or silicon atom-containing compound compatible with the binder resin. In the surface layer, the proportion of fluorine atoms and silicon atoms to carbon atoms, (F+Si)/C, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 0.01 to 1.0. Additionally, the transfer device is a multiple-transfer device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer disposed on the electroconductive substrate, and a protective layer disposed on the photosensitive layer, the protective layer containing a resin formed by polymerization of compounds each having two or more ion polymerizable functional groups, and electroconductive particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a support, a photosensitive layer, and optionally a protective layer. At least one of the photosensitive layer and the protective layer contains a pyrazine derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## The electrophotographic photosensitive member is not deteriorated by ozone and nitrogen oxides, and is excellent in durability.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is disclosed which has an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a transfer member. The photosensitive member has a conductive support and a photosensitive layer, and further has a surface layer formed of a binder resin, fluorine atom- or silicon atom-containing compound particles incompatible with the binder resin, and a fluorine atom- or silicon atom-containing compound compatible with the binder resin. In the surface layer, the proportion of fluorine atoms and silicon atoms to carbon atoms, (F+Si)/C, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 0.01 to 1.0. Additionally, the transfer member is a multiple-transfer member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is produced by coating an electroconductive substrate with a compound represented by formula (1) shown below and a compound represented by formula (2) shown below respectively by spray-coating through separate spraying means to form a photosensitive layer containing the compounds represented by the formulae (1) and (2) respectively on the electroconductive substrate: ##STR1## In the above formulae (1) an (2), Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 independently denote an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic aromatic ring which may have a substituent, or a ring assembly formed by bonding the aromatic rings directly or through an aromatic or non-aromatic bonding group; and R.sub.1 -R.sub.5 independently denote hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, nitro group or cyano group.

Abstract: A coating method is disclosed, wherein a substrate is coated with a paint discharged through an aperture in the form of not a spray but a continuous string. The coating method is suitably applied to a process for producing a photosensitive member for electrophotography, wherein a paint for providing the photosensitive member, such as the one for providing a photosensitive layer or intermediate layer, is discharged onto a rotating cylindrical substrate to be wound thereabout preferably like a thread on a spool, followed by leveling to form a coating film.