Abstract: In a vertically aligned liquid crystal display device for controlling liquid crystal molecules alignment in voltage application by providing linear structures or linear slits consisting of a plurality of constituent units to at least one of a pair of substrates having an electrode thereon, there is provided alignment controlling means for forming an alignment singular point s=−1 of liquid crystal molecules at an intersecting point between the structures on the pixel electrode or the slits in the electrode and an edge of a pixel electrode on one of the substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device in which an alignment direction of a liquid crystal molecule at the time of driving is regulated by using a polymer, and has an object to provide a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device in which excellent display characteristics can be obtained. A liquid crystal layer containing a polymerizable component capable of being polymerized by light is sealed between two substrates arranged to be opposite to each other, the polymerizable component is polymerized by irradiation of light under a predetermined light irradiation condition while a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer under a predetermined voltage application condition, and when a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule and/or an alignment direction at a time of driving is regulated, at least one of the voltage application condition and the light irradiation condition is changed for each region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display in which a polymeric component included in a liquid crystal layer is polymerized while adjusting a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer to regulate the direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules during polymerization and a method of manufacturing the same. The invention provides a liquid crystal display in which image sticking is mitigated and a method of manufacturing the same. In a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display in which a liquid crystal composition including a polymeric component that is optically or thermally polymerized is sealed between substrates and in which the polymeric component is polymerized while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition to regulate the direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules during driving, a configuration is employed such that a polymerization initiator in the liquid crystal composition has a concentration x that satisfies 0≦x≦0.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a substrate for a liquid crystal display having optical transmittance improved without reducing the speed of a response to a tone change and a liquid crystal display utilizing the same. There is provided a drain bus line formed on an array substrate which sandwiches a liquid crystal in combination with an opposite substrate provided in a face-to-face relationship therewith, a TFT connected to the drain bus line, and a pixel electrode which has stripe-shaped electrodes, along with spaces, connected to the TFT and provided in parallel with the drain bus line, stripe-shaped electrodes in the vicinity of the drain bus line having an electrode width formed narrower than the width of internal electrodes located inside the same.

Abstract: A reflection liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal layer; a transparent insulating layer provided in an optical path of a light incident on the liquid crystal layer, the transparent insulating layer having a refractive index substantially equal to one of refractive indexes for ordinary ray and for extraordinary ray of the liquid crystal layer; a reflector for reflecting the light passing through the liquid crystal layer and the transparent insulating layer; and first and second substrates provided on first and second sides of an optical member so as to oppose each other, the optical member being formed of the liquid crystal layer, the transparent insulating layer, and the reflector, wherein an interface formed between the liquid crystal layer and the transparent insulating layer has a plurality of slant parts of substantially the same shape, the slant parts each having a predetermined inclination with respect to the reflector.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a d.c. voltage source for producing a common voltage such that the common voltage is substantially equal to a central voltage of a bipolar voltage signal.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display based on an MVA mode of multi-division alignment in which alignment states of liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric anisotropy are made different from each other, and provides a liquid crystal display in which a drop in transmittance is suppressed and response characteristics are improved.

Abstract: The invention has an object to provide a liquid crystal display in which a wide angle of view is obtained and a response time at a halftone can be shortened by regulating an alignment orientation of a liquid crystal by the use of a polymer fixation system in which a liquid crystal layer containing a polymerizable component is sealed between substrates, and the polymerizable component is polymerized while a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer to fix a liquid crystal alignment. A liquid crystal layer containing a polymer for regulating a pretilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule and a tilt direction at a time of driving is sealed between two substrates arranged opposite to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell, polarizers, a first retardation plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizer, and a second retardation plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer. Each retardation plate has an optical axis in a plane parallel to the substrate surface and a retardation of substantially &lgr;/4. The optical axis of one retardation plate is perpendicular to the optical axis of the other. The polarizing axes of the polarizers are arranged at an angle of 45° with respect to the optical axes of the retardation plates. The liquid crystal cell is arranged such that a state of alignment of liquid crystal molecules changes, accompanying a change in a polar angle and/or change in an azimuth, upon application of a voltage.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction to the first substrate and the second substrate by the first molecule orientation film and the second molecule orientation film, respectively, in a non-driving state. And, a structural pattern is formed so as to extend in a first direction parallel to a surface of the liquid crystal layer and so as to form, in a driving state, an electric field periodically changing in a second direction that is parallel to the liquid crystal layer and vertical to the first direction. Then, the liquid crystal molecules substantially tilt in the first direction in the driving state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a display section formed on a first substrate. The display section including a plurality of pixels disposed in a matrix pattern, a plurality of scan lines extending in a row direction and a plurality of signal lines extending in a column direction. One pixel is connected at each cross point between the scan and signal lines and each pixel includes a semiconductor active element and a pixel electrode. A signal line driver circuit is disposed at opposite end portions in the row direction and includes semiconductor active elements for driving the scan lines. A scan line driver circuit is disposed at opposite end portions in the column direction and includes semiconductor active elements for driving the signal lines. A transparent second substrate is disposed opposing the first substrate and a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A reflection liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal layer; a transparent insulating layer provided in an optical path of a light incident on the liquid crystal layer, the transparent insulating layer having a refractive index substantially equal to one of refractive indexes for ordinary ray and for extraordinary ray of the liquid crystal layer; a reflector for reflecting the light passing through the liquid crystal layer and the transparent insulating layer; and first and second substrates provided on first and second sides of an optical member so as to oppose each other, the optical member being formed of the liquid crystal layer, the transparent insulating layer, and the reflector, wherein an interface formed between the liquid crystal layer and the transparent insulating layer has a plurality of slant parts of substantially the same shape, the slant parts each having a predetermined inclination with respect to the reflector.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display which exhibits preferable viewing angle characteristics even in a diagonal viewing angle. Optical retardation films of a first type that satisfy nx>ny, nz and optical retardation films of a second type that satisfy nx≡ny>nz are used, and a setting is made to satisfy Rp−t=2×(−0.08×RLC+58 nm+&agr;) (&agr;=±30 nm) and Rt−t=(1.05±0.05)×RLC−47 nm+&bgr;(−100 nm≦&bgr;≦47 nm) where &Dgr;nd represents a retardation RLC in the liquid crystal display; Rp−t represents the sum of retardations Rp in in-plane directions of a plurality of optical retardation films; and Rt−t represents the sum of retardations Rt in the direction of the thickness of the plurality of optical retardation films.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal material comprising a polymer matrix, a liquid crystal and a diffusing agent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell filled with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer 15 comprising liquid crystal droplets 15.sub.1 dispersed in a polymer 15.sub.2 between a first glass base plate 11 with a first transparent electrode 12 and a second glass base plate 13 with a second transparent electrode 14, is placed between crossed Nicols formed by a first polarizer 16 and a second polarizer 17, with a backlight 18 situated on the outer side thereof, the diameter of the liquid crystal droplets 15.sub.1 is between 3 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, and the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal droplets 15.sub.1 are twisted to between 30.degree. and 180.degree.. The liquid crystals used have a dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon. which is negative when the frequency of the electric field is high and positive when the frequency is low, and by adjusting the dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon. via the frequency of the electric field it is possible to form liquid crystal droplets of a desired diameter.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate having a plurality of active devices, a plurality of scanning bus lines, a plurality of data bus lines, and a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second substrate having opposed electrodes on its surface opposing to the first substrate, a first shielding film formed on top of the active devices and between the pixel electrodes on the first substrate, a second shielding film formed in at least areas opposing to semiconductor regions of the active devices on the second substrate, and liquid crystals sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel including at least two liquid crystal layers, and a color filter having two color portions. One of the liquid crystal layers includes solid regions and liquid crystal dispersing regions arranged adjacent to the solid regions. Picture electrodes are arranged on the first plate, on the liquid crystal dispersing regions, and on the solid regions, at positions corresponding to the color portions of the color filter. A common electrode is arranged on the second plate. The picture elements on the liquid crystal dispersing regions and on the solid regions are connected to the conductors on the first plate by connecting members extending through the solid regions. Therefore, the liquid crystal layers can be independently controlled.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal of a dispersed type in which liquid crystal molecules are randomly distributed so that an incident light impinging against the liquid crystal molecules scatters to produce a white display spot. A polarizer and an analyzer are arranged on either side of the first and second transparent plates. A directional backlight is arranged on the outside of the polarizer for supplying light having a directivity in the direction perpendicular to the first and second transparent plates toward the polarizer.